Abstract
Stands of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Kadiri‐3) were grown in controlled environment glasshouses at mean atmospheric CO 2 concentrations of 375 or 700 μmol mol −1 and daily mean air temperatures of 28 or 32°C on irrigated or drying soil profiles. Leaf water (Ψ l ) and solute potential (Ψ s ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g l ) and net photosynthesis (P n ) were measured at midday for the youngest mature leaf throughout the growing season. Elevated CO 2 and temperature had no detectable effect on the water relations of irrigated plants, but higher values of RWC, Ψ l and Ψ s were maintained for longer under elevated CO 2 during progressive drought. Turgor potential (Ψ p ) reached zero when Ψ l declined to −1.6 to −1.8 MPa in all treatments; turgor was lost sooner when droughted plants were grown under ambient CO 2 . A 4°C increase in mean air temperature had no effect on Ψ s in droughted plants, but elicited a small increase in Ψ l ; midday g l values were lower under elevated than under ambient CO 2 , and Ψ l and g l declined below −1.5 MPa and 0.25 cm s −1 , respectively, as the soil dried. Despite the low g l values recorded for droughted plants late in the season, P n was maintained under elevated CO 2 , but declined to zero 3 weeks before final harvest under ambient CO 2 . Concurrent reductions in g l and increases in water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought and increased pod yields relative to plants grown under ambient CO 2 . The implications of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 for the productivity of indeterminate C 3 crops grown in rainfed subsistence agricultural systems in the semi‐arid tropics are discussed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature had no detectable effect on irrigated plant water relations.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- water relationse0
- Direction
- no detectable effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 and temperature had no detectable effect on the water relations of irrigated plants”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 maintained higher RWC, leaf water potential and solute potential longer during drought.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- RWC, Ψ l and Ψ se0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- progressive droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values of RWC, Ψ l and Ψ s were maintained for longer under elevated CO 2 during progressive drought”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Turgor reached zero at the stated leaf water potential across treatments.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- Turgor potential (Ψ p ) reached zeroe0
- Value
- −1.6 to −1.8 MPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turgor potential (Ψ p ) reached zero when Ψ l declined to −1.6 to −1.8 MPa in all treatments”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Droughted plants under ambient CO2 lost turgor sooner.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ambient CO 2e0
- Outcome
- turgor was loste0
- Direction
- soonere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“turgor was lost sooner when droughted plants were grown under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 4°C temperature increase had no effect on solute potential in droughted plants.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 4°C increase in mean air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Ψ se0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 4°C increase in mean air temperature had no effect on Ψ s in droughted plants”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 4°C temperature increase slightly increased leaf water potential in droughted plants.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 4°C increase in mean air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Ψ le0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 4°C increase in mean air temperature had no effect on Ψ s in droughted plants, but elicited a small increase in Ψ l”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Midday stomatal conductance was lower under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- midday g l valuese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“midday g l values were lower under elevated than under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance fell below stated thresholds as soil dried.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- soil driede0
- Outcome
- Ψ l and g le0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- −1.5 MPa and 0.25 cm s −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ψ l and g l declined below −1.5 MPa and 0.25 cm s −1 , respectively, as the soil dried”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis persisted under elevated CO2 despite low late season conductance.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- P ne0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P n was maintained under elevated CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis reached zero three weeks before harvest under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- ambient CO 2e0
- Outcome
- P ne0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 3 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P n was maintained under elevated CO 2 , but declined to zero 3 weeks before final harvest under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced stomatal conductance during drought.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- g le0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concurrent reductions in g l and increases in water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought and increased pod yields relative to plants grown under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased water use efficiency during drought.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concurrent reductions in g l and increases in water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought and increased pod yields relative to plants grown under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- prolongede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased pod yield compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- pod yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under elevated CO 2 prolonged photosynthetic activity during drought and increased pod yields relative to plants grown under ambient CO 2”
t0“groundnut(Arachis hypogaea)”
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