Abstract
Abstract Wheat and barley seeds were subjected to accelerated aging conditions at 12% moisture content and 35°C temperature over 28 days of storage, and to heat-shock treatment carried out by 4 h of incubation at 40°C following 16 h of imbibition at 20°C. Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour and increasing leakage electroconductivity as well as a reduced incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteins, in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of labelled proteins from embryos gave evidence of further quantitative and qualitative changes: (a) ‘normal’ germination protein synthesis in wheat and barley was slightly modified by age, but following heat-shock treatment a general reduction of most of the control polypeptides occurred; (b) heat-shock response resulted in the production of several HSPs with different MW and pl, but a uniform general decline in their synthesis was not observed. Highly labelled HSPs (e.g., those with MW 66.7 or 89.3–66.7 kDa in wheat or barley, respectively) did not change over the entire period of aging, while some smaller HSPs with MW >29 kDa either decreased in intensity or disappeared. Conversely, specific low molecular weight HSPs (MW 17–14.2 kDa) were synthesized more in extremely aged embryos of both species. The hypothesis that these polypeptides may be used as biochemical markers in monitoring both vigour loss and heat-shock induced tolerance in aged seeds is discussed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, heat-treated aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- germination behavioure1
- Direction
- alterede1
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, heat-treated aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- germination behavioure1
- Direction
- alterede1
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, heat-treated aged seeds showed increasing leakage electroconductivity compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- leakage electroconductivitye2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e2“increasing leakage electroconductivity”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, heat-treated aged seeds showed increasing leakage electroconductivity compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- leakage electroconductivitye2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e2“increasing leakage electroconductivity”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, heat-treated aged seeds showed reduced incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteins compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteinse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e3“a reduced incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteins”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, heat-treated aged seeds showed reduced incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteins compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Heat-treated, aged seedse1
- Outcome
- incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteinse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e3“a reduced incorporation of [ 35 S]-methionine into embryo proteins”
e1“Heat-treated, aged seeds showed altered germination behaviour”
e4“in comparison with the corresponding untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, heat-shock treatment caused a general reduction of most control polypeptides in germinating embryos.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat-shock treatmente6
- Outcome
- control polypeptidese6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e6“following heat-shock treatment a general reduction of most of the control polypeptides occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, heat-shock treatment caused a general reduction of most control polypeptides in germinating embryos.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- heat-shock treatmente6
- Outcome
- control polypeptidese6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e6“following heat-shock treatment a general reduction of most of the control polypeptides occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, germination protein synthesis was slightly modified by aging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- germination protein synthesise5
- Qualifier
- slightly modified by agee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e5“germination protein synthesis in wheat and barley was slightly modified by age”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, germination protein synthesis was slightly modified by aging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- germination protein synthesise5
- Qualifier
- slightly modified by agee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e5“germination protein synthesis in wheat and barley was slightly modified by age”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, highly labelled HSPs did not change over the entire period of aging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- aginge7
- Outcome
- Highly labelled HSPse7
- Direction
- did not changee7
- Qualifier
- MW 66.7e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e7“Highly labelled HSPs (e.g., those with MW 66.7 or 89.3–66.7 kDa in wheat or barley, respectively) did not change over the entire period of aging”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, highly labelled HSPs did not change over the entire period of aging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- aginge7
- Outcome
- Highly labelled HSPse7
- Direction
- did not changee7
- Qualifier
- 89.3–66.7 kDae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e7“Highly labelled HSPs (e.g., those with MW 66.7 or 89.3–66.7 kDa in wheat or barley, respectively) did not change over the entire period of aging”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, some smaller HSPs with MW above 29 kDa decreased in intensity or disappeared during aging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- aginge7
- Outcome
- smaller HSPse0
- Direction
- decreased in intensitye0
- Qualifier
- MW >29 kDae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e0“some smaller HSPs with MW >29 kDa either decreased in intensity or disappeared”
e7“Highly labelled HSPs (e.g., those with MW 66.7 or 89.3–66.7 kDa in wheat or barley, respectively) did not change over the entire period of aging”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, some smaller HSPs with MW above 29 kDa decreased in intensity or disappeared during aging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- aginge7
- Outcome
- smaller HSPse0
- Direction
- decreased in intensitye0
- Qualifier
- MW >29 kDae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e0“some smaller HSPs with MW >29 kDa either decreased in intensity or disappeared”
e7“Highly labelled HSPs (e.g., those with MW 66.7 or 89.3–66.7 kDa in wheat or barley, respectively) did not change over the entire period of aging”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, specific low molecular weight HSPs (MW 17–14.2 kDa) were synthesized more in extremely aged embryos.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- extremely aged embryose2
- Outcome
- low molecular weight HSPse2
- Direction
- synthesized moree2
- Qualifier
- MW 17–14.2 kDae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e2“specific low molecular weight HSPs (MW 17–14.2 kDa) were synthesized more in extremely aged embryos of both species”
Claim · model-written summary
In barley, specific low molecular weight HSPs (MW 17–14.2 kDa) were synthesized more in extremely aged embryos.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- extremely aged embryose2
- Outcome
- low molecular weight HSPse2
- Direction
- synthesized moree2
- Qualifier
- MW 17–14.2 kDae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“germinating wheat and barley embryos”
e2“specific low molecular weight HSPs (MW 17–14.2 kDa) were synthesized more in extremely aged embryos of both species”
The same questions in other papers
heat · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →heat · control · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
heat · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →heat · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.