Abstract
The efficacy of insecticides derived from two local plants was tested on termites infesting maize in maize–cassava–‘Egusi’ melon intercrops in two farmers' fields in south-western Nigeria during the 1989/90 and 1990/91 cropping seasons. The intercrops consisted of 40000, 20000, and 10000 maize plants/ha, with a fixed population of 10000 plants/ha of both cassava and melon. The insecticides were aqueous extracts of ripe seeds of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and the crude seed oil of Piper guineense Schum And Thonn, each at 10% concentration at the rate of 390 litres/ha and 18 litres/ha, respectively. On the plots treated with these natural insecticides, damage by termites [ Microtermes spp., Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman = nigeriensis Sjostedt and M. subhyalinus Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae)] was significantly lower and maize yields higher than on the control plots. The mean percentage of maize stems attacked by termites (considering all categories of termite damage) in untreated plots during the trials ranged between 0–22% in 1989 and 2–46% in 1990. Planting densities did not significantly influence termite attack on maize. Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Natural insecticides lowered termite damage relative to controls.
- Treatment
- these natural insecticidese0
- Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- damage by termitese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the control plotse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the plots treated with these natural insecticides, damage by termites [ Microtermes spp., Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman = nigeriensis Sjostedt and M. subhyalinus Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae)] was significantly lower and maize yields higher than on the control plots.”
t0“Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural insecticides raised maize yield relative to controls.
- Treatment
- these natural insecticidese0
- Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- maize yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the plots treated with these natural insecticides, damage by termites [ Microtermes spp., Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman = nigeriensis Sjostedt and M. subhyalinus Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae)] was significantly lower and maize yields higher than on the control plots.”
t0“Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1989, 0–22% of untreated maize stems were attacked by termites.
- Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- maize stems attacked by termitese0
- Value
- 0–22%e0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean percentage of maize stems attacked by termites (considering all categories of termite damage) in untreated plots during the trials ranged between 0–22% in 1989 and 2–46% in 1990.”
t0“Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1990, 2–46% of untreated maize stems were attacked by termites.
- Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- maize stems attacked by termitese0
- Value
- 2–46%e0
- Qualifier
- 1990e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean percentage of maize stems attacked by termites (considering all categories of termite damage) in untreated plots during the trials ranged between 0–22% in 1989 and 2–46% in 1990.”
t0“Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density had no significant association with termite attack on maize.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting densities did not significantly influence termite attack on maize.”
t0“Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava plants were not attacked by termites.
- Taxon
- Cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- not attacked by termitese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
melon plants were not attacked by termites.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Interactor
- termitesTermitoidaee0pest
- Outcome
- not attacked by termitese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava yield was unaffected by insecticide treatment or maize planting density.
- Taxon
- CassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- insecticide treatments or planting density of maizee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
melon yield was unaffected by insecticide treatment or maize planting density.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- insecticide treatments or planting density of maizee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.”
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.