Abstract
The viability of broccoli seeds and functional properties, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and total phenol contents, of broccoli sprouts grown from irradiated seeds were evaluated. The seeds were irradiated using electron beam and gamma ray at doses up to 8 kGy. High germination percentages (>90%) were observed in seeds irradiated at < or =4 kGy, but the yield ratio and sprout length decreased with increased irradiation dose. Irradiation at > or =6 kGy resulted in curling of the sprout roots. Germinated seeds contained higher amounts of nutrients than raw seeds but the nutritional quality of sprouts decreased during postharvest storage. Radiation treatment hampered the growth of irradiated seeds resulting in underdeveloped sprouts with decreased ascorbic acid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contents. In addition, the decrease in functional content of sprouts was more substantial in samples grown from high-dose (5 kGy) irradiated seeds than that of the low-dose (1 kGy) treated ones. Seed irradiation did not negatively affect the total phenol content of sprouts. In general, electron beam and gamma irradiation of broccoli seeds showed similar effects on the viability and functional properties of sprouts.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli seeds irradiated at 4 kGy or less showed high germination percentages above 90%.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- seeds irradiated at < or =4 kGye0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- Highe0
- Value
- >90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High germination percentages (>90%) were observed in seeds irradiated at < or =4 kGy”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield ratio and sprout length decreased with increasing irradiation dose.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- increased irradiation dosee0
- Outcome
- yield ratio and sprout lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield ratio and sprout length decreased with increased irradiation dose”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 6 kGy or more caused curling of the sprout roots.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Irradiation at > or =6 kGye0
- Outcome
- curling of the sprout rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation at > or =6 kGy resulted in curling of the sprout roots”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated seeds contained higher amounts of nutrients than raw seeds.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Germinated seedse0
- Outcome
- nutrientse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- raw seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germinated seeds contained higher amounts of nutrients than raw seeds”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutritional quality of sprouts decreased during postharvest storage.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- postharvest storagee0
- Outcome
- nutritional quality of sproutse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutritional quality of sprouts decreased during postharvest storage”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation treatment hampered growth of irradiated seeds, giving underdeveloped sprouts.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Radiation treatmente0
- Outcome
- underdeveloped sproutse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radiation treatment hampered the growth of irradiated seeds resulting in underdeveloped sprouts”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation treatment decreased ascorbic acid, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of sprouts.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with decreased ascorbic acid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contents”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in functional content of sprouts was more substantial from seeds irradiated at 5 kGy than at 1 kGy.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- high-dose (5 kGy) irradiated seedse0
- Outcome
- decrease in functional content of sproutse0
- Direction
- more substantiale0
- Comparator
- low-dose (1 kGy) treated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in functional content of sprouts was more substantial in samples grown from high-dose (5 kGy) irradiated seeds than that of the low-dose (1 kGy) treated ones”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed irradiation did not negatively affect the total phenol content of sprouts.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Seed irradiatione0
- Outcome
- total phenol contente0
- Direction
- not negatively affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed irradiation did not negatively affect the total phenol content of sprouts”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron beam and gamma irradiation of broccoli seeds had similar effects on viability and functional properties of sprouts.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- electron beame0
- Outcome
- viability and functional properties of sproutse0
- Direction
- similar effectse0
- Comparator
- gamma irradiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electron beam and gamma irradiation of broccoli seeds showed similar effects on the viability and functional properties of sprouts”
t0“Broccoli Sprouts”
The same questions in other papers
storage · quality: grain · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
radiation · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
radiation · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
radiation · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.