Abstract
Conflicting recommendations exist on the effect of seed-applied pesticides on nodulation and N 2 fixation by Rhizobium leguminosarum. This paper reports the effects of captan, thiram, metalaxyl, Evershield, DL-PLUS ® and B-3 in a 2-yr field experiment on emergence, nodulation, acetylene-reducing activity, and shoot yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), and fababean (Vicia faba L.) inoculated with seed-applied R. leguminosarum multi-strain inoculum. Seedling emergence was not detrimentally affected by pesticide application. While most of the pesticides had either stimulatory or minimally detrimental effects on nodulation and nitrogenase activity, captan reduced both in all three legumes. Captan-containing compounds such as B-3 (33.5% captan) and Evershield (29.5% captan) also reduced nodulation or nitrogenase activity in some of these legumes. DL-PLUS (15% captan) was not harmful, which suggests that compounds containing over 29.5% captan may not be compatible with seed-applied R. leguminosarum. Captan, which was consistently harmful, is considered the best wide-spectrum pesticide for use with these legumes. Thus, it will be necessary to select superior N 2 -fixing strains of R. leguminosarum that are tolerant of, if not resistant to, recommended rates of captan or to identify alternate pesticides that are more compatible with rhizobia.Key words: Captan, thiram, metalaxyl, Evershield, DL-PLUS, B-3
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-applied pesticides did not detrimentally affect legume seedling emergence.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN
Lens culinaris
Lathyrus oleraceus
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- pesticide applicatione0
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- not detrimentally affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling emergence was not detrimentally affected by pesticide application.”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan reduced nodulation in all three legumes.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- captane0
- Outcome
- nodulatione1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“captan reduced both in all three legumes.”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
e1“effects on nodulation and nitrogenase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan reduced nitrogenase activity in all three legumes.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- captane0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“captan reduced both in all three legumes.”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
e1“effects on nodulation and nitrogenase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
B-3 reduced nodulation or nitrogenase activity in some legumes.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- B-3 (33.5% captan)e0
- Outcome
- nodulation or nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan-containing compounds such as B-3 (33.5% captan) and Evershield (29.5% captan) also reduced nodulation or nitrogenase activity in some of these legumes.”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Evershield reduced nodulation or nitrogenase activity in some legumes.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Evershield (29.5% captan)e0
- Outcome
- nodulation or nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan-containing compounds such as B-3 (33.5% captan) and Evershield (29.5% captan) also reduced nodulation or nitrogenase activity in some of these legumes.”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
DL-PLUS was not harmful to the legume symbiosis.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- DL-PLUS (15% captan)e0
- Outcome
- not harmfule0
- Direction
- not harmfule0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DL-PLUS (15% captan) was not harmful”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selecting nitrogen-fixing R. leguminosarum strains tolerant of captan.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont - Outcome
- select superior N 2 -fixing strains of R. leguminosarume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it will be necessary to select superior N 2 -fixing strains of R. leguminosarum that are tolerant of, if not resistant to, recommended rates of captan”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend identifying pesticides more compatible with rhizobia.
- Taxon
- PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEANLens culinarisLathyrus oleraceusVicia fabat0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- identify alternate pesticides that are more compatible with rhizobiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identify alternate pesticides that are more compatible with rhizobia”
t0“PEA, LENTIL, AND FABABEAN”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
insecticide · growth · Lens culinaris (lentil)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
insecticide · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.