Abstract
Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. Streptomycin had the best effect in reducing pathogen population size in all sampling regions. Moreover, this antibiotic completely stopped the spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the region most distant from the inoculum focus. Copper hydroxide mixed with streptomycin significantly limited the pathogen population, compared with copper hydroxide alone, the other copper-based compounds, ASM and kasugamycin. However, combining streptomycin with copper hydroxide did not contribute to its greater efficacy against the pathogen population. Copper-based compounds, in general, were less effective in limiting pathogen population sizes than the other treatments in all three sampling regions, primarily copper oxychloride and the combination of copper hydroxide and mannose. Among copper compounds, copper hydroxide was the most prominent in reducing the bacterial population, especially in the region closest to the inoculums focus, while its combination with mannose did not improve the effects. Kasugamycin significantly limited pathogen population size, compared to copper bactericides, but it was less effective than the other antibiotic compound, i.e. streptomycin. The plant activator ASM significantly reduced population density, and it was more effective when used three days prior to inoculation than six days before inoculation.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- copper hydroxidee0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen - Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper oxychloride reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- copper oxychloridee0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulphate reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- copper sulphatee0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomycin reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- streptomycine0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Kasugamycin reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- kasugamycine0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM reduced pathogen population size and spread.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomycin gave the best pathogen population reduction across sampling regions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Streptomycine0
- Outcome
- pathogen population sizee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Streptomycin had the best effect in reducing pathogen population size in all sampling regions”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomycin completely stopped pathogen spread in the most distant region.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensise0
- Direction
- stoppede0
- Qualifier
- region most distant from the inoculum focuse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this antibiotic completely stopped the spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the region most distant from the inoculum focus”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide plus streptomycin limited pathogen population more than several comparators.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Copper hydroxide mixed with streptomycine0
- Outcome
- pathogen populatione0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Comparator
- copper hydroxide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper hydroxide mixed with streptomycin significantly limited the pathogen population, compared with copper hydroxide alone, the other copper-based compounds, ASM and kasugamycin”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding copper hydroxide did not increase streptomycin efficacy.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combining streptomycin with copper hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- efficacy against the pathogen populatione0
- Direction
- did not contributee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining streptomycin with copper hydroxide did not contribute to its greater efficacy against the pathogen population”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper compounds generally limited pathogen populations less effectively than other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Copper-based compoundse0
- Outcome
- pathogen population sizese0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper-based compounds, in general, were less effective in limiting pathogen population sizes than the other treatments in all three sampling regions”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide was the most prominent copper treatment for bacterial population reduction.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- bacterial populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- copper compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among copper compounds, copper hydroxide was the most prominent in reducing the bacterial population, especially in the region closest to the inoculums focus”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding mannose did not improve copper hydroxide effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination with mannosee0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its combination with mannose did not improve the effects”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kasugamycin limited pathogen population more than copper bactericides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Kasugamycine0
- Outcome
- pathogen population sizee0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Comparator
- copper bactericidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kasugamycin significantly limited pathogen population size, compared to copper bactericides”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kasugamycin was less effective than streptomycin.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- streptomycine0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was less effective than the other antibiotic compound, i.e. streptomycin”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM significantly reduced pathogen population density.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Outcome
- population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant activator ASM significantly reduced population density”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM was more effective three rather than six days before inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- three days prior to inoculatione0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- six days before inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was more effective when used three days prior to inoculation than six days before inoculation”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
acibenzolar-S-methyl · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →sulfate · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kasugamycin · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Copper hydroxide · soil: biology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kasugamycin · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
copper atom · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Copper hydroxide · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
streptomycin · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.