Abstract
Bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis produces considerable economic losses in many countries because effective control measures are lacking. In this study, the effectiveness of some chemicals, a plant growth regulator (Prohexadione-Ca (PC)), two plant activators (hydrogen peroxide (HP)) and harpin protein (Hrp), fungicides, maneb+copper (MC), copper compounds (copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) copper hydroxide (CH) and copper oxychloride (CO)) and an antibiotic, streptomycin sulphate on the pathogen were assessed in vitro and in vivo on two tomato cultivars, Newton and Orient. In Hrp and HP treated plants, reduction in disease severity (about 45%) was correlated with suppression of bacterial growth during the time course of infection. The activities of POX, GPX and PAL enzymes were determined at 5th day as markers of resistance and applications of Hrp, PC and HP induced a progressive and significant increase of both enzymes in locally treated tissues. Only PC treatments have decreased plant heights and the effectiveness of PC in reduction of plant heigths was up to 40%. Among copper compounds, CSP and CO combination with Maneb were the most effective on the disease severity (about 50%). In addition, CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro and they showed considerable effects on the disease symptoms compared with CSP alone. We conclude that Hrp, HP and PC may be useful in controlling external symptoms of this disease in greenhouses, and is environmentally friendly, reducing the amount of copper applied to crops.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Hrp treatment reduced tomato bacterial canker severity by about 45%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Hrpe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- about 45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Hrp and HP treated plants, reduction in disease severity (about 45%) was correlated with suppression of bacterial growth during the time course of infection”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
HP treatment reduced tomato bacterial canker severity by about 45%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HPe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- about 45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Hrp and HP treated plants, reduction in disease severity (about 45%) was correlated with suppression of bacterial growth during the time course of infection”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity reduction in Hrp and HP treated plants correlated with suppression of bacterial growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Hrp and HPe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Hrp and HP treated plants, reduction in disease severity (about 45%) was correlated with suppression of bacterial growth during the time course of infection”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Hrp induced a significant progressive increase of resistance-marker enzyme activities in locally treated tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- locally treated tissuese0
- Treatment
- Hrpe0
- Outcome
- both enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of Hrp, PC and HP induced a progressive and significant increase of both enzymes in locally treated tissues”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
PC induced a significant progressive increase of resistance-marker enzyme activities in locally treated tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- locally treated tissuese0
- Treatment
- PCe0
- Outcome
- both enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of Hrp, PC and HP induced a progressive and significant increase of both enzymes in locally treated tissues”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
HP induced a significant progressive increase of resistance-marker enzyme activities in locally treated tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- locally treated tissuese0
- Treatment
- HPe0
- Outcome
- both enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of Hrp, PC and HP induced a progressive and significant increase of both enzymes in locally treated tissues”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
PC decreased tomato plant height by up to 40%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PCe0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- up to 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only PC treatments have decreased plant heights and the effectiveness of PC in reduction of plant heigths was up to 40%”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP with Maneb reduced disease severity by about 50% and was among the most effective combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CSPe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among copper compounds, CSP and CO combination with Maneb were the most effective on the disease severity (about 50%)”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CO with Maneb reduced disease severity by about 50% and was among the most effective combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO combination with Manebe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among copper compounds, CSP and CO combination with Maneb were the most effective on the disease severity (about 50%)”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP combined with Hrp significantly limited pathogen populations in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CSP combination with Hrpe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen populatione0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP combined with HP significantly limited pathogen populations in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CSP combination with Hrp, HPe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen populatione0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP combined with PC significantly limited pathogen populations in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PCe0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen populatione0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP combinations with Hrp, HP and PC showed considerable effects on tomato disease symptoms compared with CSP alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PCe1
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Comparator
- CSP alonee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they showed considerable effects on the disease symptoms compared with CSP alone”
t0“Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds”
t1“tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
e1“CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.