Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the physiological effects of two herbicides: fluazifop‐butyl {butyl ( RS )‐2‐[4‐(5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyloxy)phenoxy]‐propionate} and sethoxydim {(±)‐2‐[1‐(ethoxyimino)butyl]‐5‐[2‐(ethylthio)propyl]‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one} on oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin). The herbicides strongly inhibited growth of oat and induced chlorosis at the basal part of shoots and ethylene production from the seedlings. The phytotoxicity of these herbicides in oat seedlings was alleviated by 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), but not by IAA (indole‐3‐acetic acid). Coleoptile elongation induced by 2,4‐D or IAA was inhibited by fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim, suggesting both herbicides possess the activity to inhibit this auxin action. Fluazifop (free acid) and sethoxydim inhibited proton excretion from oat roots but fluazifop‐butyl did not. This proton excretion was not restored by 2,4‐D or IAA. Furthermore, cellular electrolyte leakage in oat shoots was increased by both herbicides, indicating that the membrane permeability was increased. We conclude that fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim may have the same mechanism of action which leads to disruption of membrane integrity, although fluazifop‐butyl acts as a free acid after hydrolysis (fluazifop).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides strongly inhibited growth of oat.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin)”
e1“The herbicides strongly inhibited growth of oat and induced chlorosis at the basal part of shoots and ethylene production from the seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides induced chlorosis at the basal part of oat shoots and ethylene production from seedlings.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- chlorosis at the basal part of shoots and ethylene productione1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin)”
e1“The herbicides strongly inhibited growth of oat and induced chlorosis at the basal part of shoots and ethylene production from the seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D alleviated the phytotoxicity of the herbicides in oat seedlings.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- 2,4‐De2
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The phytotoxicity of these herbicides in oat seedlings was alleviated by 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), but not by IAA (indole‐3‐acetic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA did not alleviate the phytotoxicity of the herbicides in oat seedlings.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- IAAe2
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- 2,4‐De2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The phytotoxicity of these herbicides in oat seedlings was alleviated by 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), but not by IAA (indole‐3‐acetic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim inhibited coleoptile elongation induced by 2,4-D or IAA in oat.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydime3
- Outcome
- Coleoptile elongatione3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Comparator
- 2,4‐D or IAAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin)”
e3“Coleoptile elongation induced by 2,4‐D or IAA was inhibited by fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim, suggesting both herbicides possess the activity to inhibit this auxin action”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop (free acid) and sethoxydim inhibited proton excretion from oat roots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- Fluazifop (free acid) and sethoxydime4
- Outcome
- proton excretione4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Fluazifop (free acid) and sethoxydim inhibited proton excretion from oat roots but fluazifop‐butyl did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-butyl did not inhibit proton excretion from oat roots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- fluazifop‐butyle4
- Outcome
- proton excretione4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Fluazifop (free acid) and sethoxydim inhibited proton excretion from oat roots but fluazifop‐butyl did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides increased cellular electrolyte leakage in oat shoots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae5
- Organ / stage
- shootse5
- Treatment
- herbicidese5
- Outcome
- cellular electrolyte leakage in oat shootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Furthermore, cellular electrolyte leakage in oat shoots was increased by both herbicides, indicating that the membrane permeability was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim may share a mechanism that disrupts oat membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydime6
- Outcome
- disruption of membrane integritye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Zenshin)”
e6“We conclude that fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim may have the same mechanism of action which leads to disruption of membrane integrity”
The same questions in other papers
Sethoxydim · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
fluazifop-butyl · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
2,4-D · crop injury · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Sethoxydim · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
herbicide · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.