Abstract
Three grass selective herbicides, sethoxydim, fluazifop, and haloxyfop, applied to wild oat plants at the five-leaf stage inhibited growth and induced chlorosis in leaves. Young and actively growing tissues were affected first. Stem elongation in wild oat was inhibited within 2 days of treatment with sethoxydim and within 5 days of treatment with fluazifop or haloxyfop. At these same observation times, internodes that were elongating rapidly at the time of treatment were constricted at the base. These symptoms were followed by necrosis of the internode tissue. Histological examination of the affected internodes indicated that the herbicides inhibited cell division in very young internodes and inhibited both cell division and cell elongation in slightly older internodes. Initial injury occurred in the epidermal, cortical, and procambium cells of the peripheral regions of the stems located at the base of the affected internodes. Necrosis then progressed to the center of the stem tissue and all cells in the internodes were killed within 14 days of treatment. All three herbicides caused similar morphological and histological effects on developing wild oat stems.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim inhibited wild oat growth and induced leaf chlorosis.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- five-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- sethoxydime0
- Outcome
- growth and induced chlorosis in leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sethoxydim, fluazifop, and haloxyfop, applied to wild oat plants at the five-leaf stage inhibited growth and induced chlorosis in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop inhibited wild oat growth and induced leaf chlorosis.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- five-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- fluazifope0
- Outcome
- growth and induced chlorosis in leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sethoxydim, fluazifop, and haloxyfop, applied to wild oat plants at the five-leaf stage inhibited growth and induced chlorosis in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop inhibited wild oat growth and induced leaf chlorosis.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- five-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- haloxyfope0
- Outcome
- growth and induced chlorosis in leavese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“sethoxydim, fluazifop, and haloxyfop, applied to wild oat plants at the five-leaf stage inhibited growth and induced chlorosis in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Sethoxydim inhibited stem elongation within 2 days.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Stem elongation in wild oat was inhibited within 2 days of treatment with sethoxydim”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop inhibited stem elongation within 5 days.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Stem elongation in wild oat was inhibited within 2 days of treatment with sethoxydim and within 5 days of treatment with fluazifop or haloxyfop”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop inhibited stem elongation within 5 days.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Stem elongation in wild oat was inhibited within 2 days of treatment with sethoxydim and within 5 days of treatment with fluazifop or haloxyfop”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapidly elongating internodes were constricted at their bases and subsequently necrotic after herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- wild oatt0
- Organ / stage
- internodese0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- internodes that were elongating rapidly at the time of treatment were constricted at the basee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“wild oat”
e0“internodes that were elongating rapidly at the time of treatment were constricted at the base. These symptoms were followed by necrosis of the internode tissue.”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides inhibited cell division in very young internodes.
- Taxon
- wild oatt0
- Organ / stage
- very young internodese0
- Treatment
- the herbicidese0
- Outcome
- cell divisione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“wild oat”
e0“the herbicides inhibited cell division in very young internodes”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicides inhibited division and elongation in slightly older internodes.
- Taxon
- wild oatt0
- Organ / stage
- slightly older internodese0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- cell division and cell elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“wild oat”
e0“the herbicides inhibited cell division in very young internodes and inhibited both cell division and cell elongation in slightly older internodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial injury involved peripheral epidermal, cortical and procambium cells, then necrosis spread centrally and killed all internode cells within 14 days.
Verbatim
t0“wild oat”
e0“Initial injury occurred in the epidermal, cortical, and procambium cells of the peripheral regions of the stems located at the base of the affected internodes. Necrosis then progressed to the center of the stem tissue and all cells in the internodes were killed within 14 days of treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
All three herbicides caused similar morphological and histological effects.
Verbatim
e0“All three herbicides caused similar morphological and histological effects on developing wild oat stems.”
The same questions in other papers
haloxyfop · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Sethoxydim · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.