Abstract
Field studies were conducted at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Morden, Manitoba from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate quackgrass management in flax with several graminicides applied at annual and perennial grass rates, and with preharvest glyphosate applied after postemergence graminicides. All graminicides at both application rates reduced quackgrass biomass. However, at annual grass rates, clethodim and sethoxydim were sometimes less effective at controlling quackgrass than quizalofop and fluazifop-P. There was some evidence that annual-rate applications of sethoxydim can result in increased quackgrass regrowth in the second year. Flax seed yields were not affected by the use of graminicides at annual grass rates compared with perennial grass rates, whereas untreated (weedy checks) flax had yield losses of up to 67% compared with weed-free plots. The use of preharvest glyphosate reduced second-year regrowth of quackgrass by half or more, compared with no preharvest glyphosate treatment. Where preharvest glyphosate had been applied, the weedy checks tended to have markedly less quackgrass regrowth than where graminicide treatments had been applied in the spring. This suggests that use of spring-applied graminicides may reduce the effectiveness of preharvest glyphosate to control quackgrass. However, use of a postemergence graminicide is often necessary to control annual grasses as well as quackgrass because flax yield is seriously affected by uncontrolled weed growth. A second experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of liquid and dry formulations of glyphosate applied with water and 28-0-0 fertilizer as carriers. The three glyphosate formulations applied at 0.9 kg a.e. ha −1 were equally effective at reducing quackgrass biomass in flax without yield loss, but at 0.45 kg a.e. ha −1 , the liquid formulation was sometimes less effective. There was no consistent evidence that the use of liquid urea/ammonium nitrate fertilizer as a carrier, rather than water, affects the performance of either liquid or dry glyphosate formulations. Key words: Quackgrass, flax, graminicides, glyphosate, preharvest application
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All graminicides at both application rates reduced quackgrass biomass in flax.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- graminicidese0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrass biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All graminicides at both application rates reduced quackgrass biomass”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
At annual grass rates, clethodim and sethoxydim were sometimes less effective at controlling quackgrass than quizalofop and fluazifop-P.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- clethodim and sethoxydime0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controlling quackgrasse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- quizalofop and fluazifop-Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at annual grass rates, clethodim and sethoxydim were sometimes less effective at controlling quackgrass than quizalofop and fluazifop-P”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
There was some evidence that annual-rate applications of sethoxydim can result in increased quackgrass regrowth in the second year.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- annual-rate applications of sethoxydime0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrass regrowthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- some evidencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was some evidence that annual-rate applications of sethoxydim can result in increased quackgrass regrowth in the second year”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax seed yields were not affected by graminicides at annual grass rates compared with perennial grass rates.
- Taxon
- FlaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- graminicides at annual grass ratese0
- Outcome
- Flax seed yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Comparator
- perennial grass ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax seed yields were not affected by the use of graminicides at annual grass rates compared with perennial grass rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated weedy-check flax had yield losses of up to 67% compared with weed-free plots.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- untreated (weedy checks)e0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- up to 67%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“untreated (weedy checks) flax had yield losses of up to 67% compared with weed-free plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest glyphosate reduced second-year quackgrass regrowth by half or more compared with no preharvest glyphosate.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- preharvest glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- second-year regrowth of quackgrasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- half or moree0
- Comparator
- no preharvest glyphosate treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of preharvest glyphosate reduced second-year regrowth of quackgrass by half or more, compared with no preharvest glyphosate treatment”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Where preharvest glyphosate was applied, weedy checks tended to have markedly less quackgrass regrowth than plots with spring graminicide treatments.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrass regrowthe0
- Direction
- markedly lesse0
- Qualifier
- weedy checkse0
- Comparator
- graminicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where preharvest glyphosate had been applied, the weedy checks tended to have markedly less quackgrass regrowth than where graminicide treatments had been applied in the spring”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that spring-applied graminicides may reduce the effectiveness of preharvest glyphosate in controlling quackgrass.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- spring-applied graminicidese0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- effectiveness of preharvest glyphosate to control quackgrasse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of spring-applied graminicides may reduce the effectiveness of preharvest glyphosate to control quackgrass”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of a postemergence graminicide is often necessary to control annual grasses as well as quackgrass because uncontrolled weed growth seriously affects flax yield.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Outcome
- control annual grasses as well as quackgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of a postemergence graminicide is often necessary to control annual grasses as well as quackgrass because flax yield is seriously affected by uncontrolled weed growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Three glyphosate formulations applied at 0.9 kg a.e. ha-1 were equally effective at reducing quackgrass biomass in flax without yield loss.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- three glyphosate formulations applied at 0.9 kg a.e. ha −1e0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrass biomasse0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three glyphosate formulations applied at 0.9 kg a.e. ha −1 were equally effective at reducing quackgrass biomass in flax without yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.45 kg a.e. ha-1, the liquid glyphosate formulation was sometimes less effective.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- the liquid formulatione0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Qualifier
- 0.45 kg a.e. ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 0.45 kg a.e. ha −1 , the liquid formulation was sometimes less effective”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no consistent evidence that liquid urea/ammonium nitrate fertilizer as a carrier, rather than water, affects the performance of liquid or dry glyphosate formulations.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- liquid urea/ammonium nitrate fertilizer as a carriere0
- Outcome
- performance of either liquid or dry glyphosate formulationse0
- Direction
- no consistent evidencee0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no consistent evidence that the use of liquid urea/ammonium nitrate fertilizer as a carrier, rather than water, affects the performance of either liquid or dry glyphosate formulations”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum)”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.