Abstract
Degradation, reduction of soil fertility, and accumulation of industrial waste is both global and national environmental problem. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and environmental safety of the use of fertilizers made from ash and slag on ordinary chernozem for common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops. The laboratory experiments were conducted in the environmental protection laboratory. The field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov in the period from 2018-2020. The content of heavy metals was determined by inversion voltammetry. It was found that the fertilizer made from ash and slag contributed to the improvement of edaphic factors. On average, over 3 years, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates increased to 65.9-73.2% (56.7% in the control variant) and the water resistance of soil aggregates increased by 7-29% compared to the control variant. The ecotoxicological assessment showed that the application of fertilizers in doses of 100-500 kg/ha on ordinary chernozem did not significantly affect the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control variant and also did not exceed the maximum permissible and approximately permissible concentrations. On fertilized variants, the increase in the yield of common flax grain averaged 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on the dose of application. The greatest increase in yield was obtained in the variant "background +300 kg/ha of fertilizer", which was 51.5% higher than in the control variant. In fertilized variants, a net income of $341.2 was received, which exceeded the control variant by $125/ha; thus the profitability was 257%. Studies have shown that the introduction of fertilizer from ash and slag into the soil in doses of 100-500 kg/ha is environmentally safe.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ash and slag fertilizer increased valuable soil aggregates to 65.9-73.2%, versus 56.7% in control.
Verbatim
e0“the content of agronomically valuable aggregates increased to 65.9-73.2% (56.7% in the control variant)”
e1“fertilizer made from ash and slag”
e2“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soil aggregate water resistance by 7-29% against control.
Verbatim
e0“the water resistance of soil aggregates increased by 7-29% compared to the control variant”
e1“fertilizer made from ash and slag”
e2“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100-500 kg/ha, fertilizer did not significantly change soil heavy metal content versus control.
Verbatim
e0“application of fertilizers in doses of 100-500 kg/ha on ordinary chernozem did not significantly affect the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control variant”
e1“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized flax plots gained 0.09-0.34 t/ha grain yield depending on dose.
- Taxon
- common flaxe0
- Treatment
- fertilized variantse0
- Outcome
- yield of common flax graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.09-0.34 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On fertilized variants, the increase in the yield of common flax grain averaged 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on the dose of application.”
Claim · model-written summary
The background plus 300 kg/ha fertilizer treatment raised flax yield 51.5% over control.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest increase in yield was obtained in the variant "background +300 kg/ha of fertilizer", which was 51.5% higher than in the control variant.”
e1“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized variants returned $341.2 net income, $125/ha above control.
Verbatim
e0“In fertilized variants, a net income of $341.2 was received, which exceeded the control variant by $125/ha”
e1“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized variants had 257% profitability.
Verbatim
e0“thus the profitability was 257%”
e1“In fertilized variants”
e2“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged 100-500 kg/ha ash and slag fertilizer environmentally safe.
Verbatim
e0“the introduction of fertilizer from ash and slag into the soil in doses of 100-500 kg/ha is environmentally safe”
e1“common flax (Linum usitatissimum) crops”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.