Abstract
In field studies conducted between 1988 and 1990, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was swathed or desiccated with diquat, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate at various times between the 0 and 100% brown capsule stages to determine the effects on drying of plant components, seed discoloration and germination. Leaf and capsule browning were complete about 1 wk after application of diquat and glufosinate-ammonium and about 2 wk after application of glyphosate. Stem browning was variable from one application to another, but was usually adequate for harvesting 1–2 wk after application of diquat and glufosinate-ammonium and 3 to 4 wks after application of glyphosate. Diquat gave the most rapid stem browning and glyphosate the slowest. In most cases, swathing and application of diquat or glufosinate-ammonium resulted in capsule moisture low enough for harvest 2 wks after treatment. Drying of capsules following glyphosate application was less rapid. Early applications of glufosinate-ammonium sometimes resulted in darker brown seed. Glyphosate applied before all capsules were mature reduced seed germination. Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., swathing, desiccation, seed color, germination
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat produced complete leaf and capsule browning about one week after application.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- diquate0
- Outcome
- Leaf and capsule browninge0
- Value
- about 1 wke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf and capsule browning were complete about 1 wk after application of diquat and glufosinate-ammonium”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate-ammonium produced complete leaf and capsule browning about one week after application.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate-ammoniume0
- Outcome
- Leaf and capsule browninge0
- Value
- about 1 wke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf and capsule browning were complete about 1 wk after application of diquat and glufosinate-ammonium”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate produced complete leaf and capsule browning about two weeks after application.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- Leaf and capsule browninge1
- Value
- about 2 wke0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 2 wk after application of glyphosate”
e1“Leaf and capsule browning were complete about 1 wk after application of diquat and glufosinate-ammonium”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat gave the fastest stem browning.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Diquate0
- Outcome
- stem browninge0
- Direction
- most rapide0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat gave the most rapid stem browning and glyphosate the slowest.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave the slowest stem browning.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- stem browninge0
- Direction
- sloweste0
- Comparator
- Diquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diquat gave the most rapid stem browning and glyphosate the slowest.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Swathing usually lowered capsule moisture enough for harvest two weeks later.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- swathinge0
- Outcome
- capsule moisturee0
- Direction
- low enoughe0
- Value
- 2 wkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, swathing and application of diquat or glufosinate-ammonium resulted in capsule moisture low enough for harvest 2 wks after treatment.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat usually lowered capsule moisture enough for harvest two weeks later.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- diquate0
- Outcome
- capsule moisturee0
- Direction
- low enoughe0
- Value
- 2 wkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, swathing and application of diquat or glufosinate-ammonium resulted in capsule moisture low enough for harvest 2 wks after treatment.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate-ammonium usually lowered capsule moisture enough for harvest two weeks later.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate-ammoniume0
- Outcome
- capsule moisturee0
- Direction
- low enoughe0
- Value
- 2 wkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, swathing and application of diquat or glufosinate-ammonium resulted in capsule moisture low enough for harvest 2 wks after treatment.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsule drying was slower after glyphosate.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate applicatione0
- Outcome
- Drying of capsulese0
- Direction
- less rapide0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drying of capsules following glyphosate application was less rapid.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glufosinate-ammonium sometimes produced darker brown seed.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Early applications of glufosinate-ammoniume0
- Outcome
- brown seede0
- Direction
- darkere0
- Qualifier
- sometimese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early applications of glufosinate-ammonium sometimes resulted in darker brown seed.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate before capsule maturity reduced seed germination.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied before all capsules were maturee0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied before all capsules were mature reduced seed germination.”
t0“flax”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.