Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated fresh‐cut apples (Fuji) fortified with vitamin E and minerals by use of the vacuum impregnation (VI) technique. A 20% diluted high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or 1% calcium caseinate (CC) aqueous solution were used as VI solutions, and 0.4% a‐tocopherol acetate, 7.5% Gluconal Cal° (GC), and 0.04% zinc lactate (ZL) were incorporated into the VI solutions for the purpose of nutritional fortification. For VI treatment, fresh‐cut apples were immersed in VI solutions subjected to vacuum at 100 mm Hg for 15 min following atmospheric restoration for 30 min. Apples were packed in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hinged clear containers and stored at 2 °C and 88% RH up to 3 wk. Nutritional contents, consumer sensory acceptability, microbial population, color, and firmness of the apples were evaluated during cold storage. In 100 g of fresh‐cut apples, vitamin E content increased more than 100 times, and calcium and zinc contents increased about 20 times compared with unfortified apples. Consumer sensory study demonstrated that HFCS‐treated apples were highly accepted by consumers in respect to overall liking, color, and texture quality. Bacterial growth was concurrently detected in all apples, but the total plate accounts were under 2.6 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/ g apple at the end of 7 d of storage, significantly lower than the industrial standard. Instrumental analysis indicated that VI treatment in both HFCS and CC solutions significantly decreased color change and retained the firmness of fresh‐cut apples during 3 wk of cold storage.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin E content increased more than 100 times in fortified apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- vitamin E contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 100 timese0
- Comparator
- unfortified applese0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 100 g of fresh‐cut apples, vitamin E content increased more than 100 times, and calcium and zinc contents increased about 20 times compared with unfortified apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium content increased about 20 times in fortified apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- about 20 timese0
- Comparator
- unfortified applese0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 100 g of fresh‐cut apples, vitamin E content increased more than 100 times, and calcium and zinc contents increased about 20 times compared with unfortified apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc content increased about 20 times in fortified apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- zinc contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- about 20 timese0
- Comparator
- unfortified applese0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 100 g of fresh‐cut apples, vitamin E content increased more than 100 times, and calcium and zinc contents increased about 20 times compared with unfortified apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumers highly accepted HFCS-treated apples for liking, color and texture.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- HFCS‐treatede0
- Outcome
- overall liking, color, and texture qualitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consumer sensory study demonstrated that HFCS‐treated apples were highly accepted by consumers in respect to overall liking, color, and texture quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial growth was detected in all apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- Bacterial growthe0
- Setting
- 7 d of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial growth was concurrently detected in all apples, but the total plate accounts were under 2.6 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/ g apple at the end of 7 d of storage, significantly lower than the industrial standard.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total plate counts were below 2.6 log CFU/g apple at seven days, significantly below the industrial standard.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- total plate accountse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.6 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/ g applee0
- Comparator
- industrial standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial growth was concurrently detected in all apples, but the total plate accounts were under 2.6 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/ g apple at the end of 7 d of storage, significantly lower than the industrial standard.”
Claim · model-written summary
VI in HFCS and CC solutions decreased color change during cold storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- VI treatment in both HFCS and CC solutionse0
- Outcome
- color changee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- 3 wk of cold storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Instrumental analysis indicated that VI treatment in both HFCS and CC solutions significantly decreased color change and retained the firmness of fresh‐cut apples during 3 wk of cold storage.”
Claim · model-written summary
VI in HFCS and CC solutions retained firmness during cold storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- VI treatment in both HFCS and CC solutionse0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- retainede0
- Setting
- 3 wk of cold storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Instrumental analysis indicated that VI treatment in both HFCS and CC solutions significantly decreased color change and retained the firmness of fresh‐cut apples during 3 wk of cold storage.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →fructose · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Zea mays subsp. mays · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.