Abstract
Pierce's disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated grape, currently restricted to the Americas. To test the long-standing hypothesis that Pierce's disease results from pathogen-induced drought stress, we used the Affymetrix Vitis GeneChip to compare the transcriptional response of Vitis vinifera to Xylella infection, water deficit, or a combination of the two stresses. The results reveal a redirection of gene transcription involving 822 genes with a minimum twofold change (P < 0.05), including the upregulation of transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogenesis-related proteins, abscisic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive biosynthesis, and downregulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth, and nutrition. Although the transcriptional response of plants to Xylella infection was largely distinct from the response of healthy plants to water stress, we find that 138 of the pathogen-induced genes exhibited a significantly stronger transcriptional response when plants were simultaneously exposed to infection and drought stress, suggesting a strong interaction between disease and water deficit. This interaction between drought stress and disease was mirrored in planta at the physiological level for aspects of water relations and photosynthesis and in terms of the severity of disease symptoms and the extent of pathogen colonization, providing a molecular correlate of the classical concept of the disease triangle in which environment impacts disease severity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Infection and water deficit redirected transcription of 822 grape genes by at least twofold.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae1 - Treatment
- Xylella infection, water deficite1
- Outcome
- gene transcriptione0
- Value
- 822 genese0
- Qualifier
- minimum twofold change (P < 0.05)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results reveal a redirection of gene transcription involving 822 genes with a minimum twofold change (P < 0.05)”
e1“Vitis vinifera to Xylella infection, water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogenesis proteins and hormone-responsive biosynthesis were upregulated.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesise0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogenesis-related proteins, abscisic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive biosynthesis”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth and nutrition were downregulated.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth, and nutritione0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth, and nutrition”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
The grape transcriptional response to Xylella infection was largely distinct from water stress alone.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsee0
- Direction
- largely distincte0
- Comparator
- healthy plants to water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcriptional response of plants to Xylella infection was largely distinct from the response of healthy plants to water stress”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
For 138 pathogen-induced grape genes, combined infection and drought caused a stronger transcriptional response.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- infection and drought stresse0
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsee0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Value
- 138e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“138 of the pathogen-induced genes exhibited a significantly stronger transcriptional response when plants were simultaneously exposed to infection and drought stress”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and infection also interacted in grape water relations and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- drought stress and diseasee0
- Outcome
- water relations and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- mirrorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This interaction between drought stress and disease was mirrored in planta at the physiological level for aspects of water relations and photosynthesis”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and infection interacted in symptom severity and pathogen colonization.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- drought stress and diseasee0
- Outcome
- severity of disease symptoms and the extent of pathogen colonizatione0
- Direction
- mirrorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This interaction between drought stress and disease was mirrored in planta at the physiological level for aspects of water relations and photosynthesis and in terms of the severity of disease symptoms and the extent of pathogen colonization”
e1“Vitis vinifera”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 6 papers →drought · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.