Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a group of non-haem iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipids, and initiate the formation of biologically active compounds known as oxylipins. Several plant oxylipins comprise important flavours and aromas in food and beverages. Analysis of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genome revealed that the grape LOX family consists of 18 individual members. Phylogenetic analysis places all except one of the identified grape LOXs into either a type II 13-LOX cluster or the type I 9-LOX cluster. Four LOX genes (VvLOXA, VvLOXO, VvLOXC, VvLOXD), representative of the major LOX groupings observed in the phylogenetic analyses, were selected for analysis of patterns of transcript abundance in berry tissues. VvLOXA and VvLOXO represent putative 13-LOXs, while VvLOXC represents a putative 9-LOX. VvLOXD represents a unique LOX that differs significantly from other characterised plant LOXs. All four LOXs exhibited a complex pattern of gene expression. Across all developmental stages, VvLOXA was the most abundant LOX and was expressed predominantly in berry skins. The expression pattern of VvLOXC and -D are more evenly distributed between seeds, pulp and skin, while VvLOXO is mostly expressed in the seed. Mechanical wounding and infection of berries with Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr resulted in rapid accumulation of VvLOXC and -O transcripts. VvLOXA expression decreased in diseased berries. Biochemical analysis of VvLOXA and -O recombinant proteins confirmed that these LOX genes encode functional 13-LOXs that exhibit different pH and temperature optima. Both enzymes showed activity with linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The grape LOX family contains 18 members.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genome revealed that the grape LOX family consists of 18 individual members.”
Claim · model-written summary
All but one grape LOX falls in either type II 13-LOX or type I 9-LOX clusters.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis places all except one of the identified grape LOXs into either a type II 13-LOX cluster or the type I 9-LOX cluster.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXA and VvLOXO are putative 13-LOXs.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferat0 - Gene
- VvLOXA and VvLOXOe0
- Outcome
- putative 13-LOXse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvLOXA and VvLOXO represent putative 13-LOXs”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXC is a putative 9-LOX.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Gene
- VvLOXCe0
- Outcome
- putative 9-LOXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvLOXC represents a putative 9-LOX”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXD differs significantly from other characterized plant LOXs.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Gene
- VvLOXDe0
- Outcome
- unique LOXe0
- Direction
- differs significantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvLOXD represents a unique LOX that differs significantly from other characterised plant LOXs.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
All four LOXs showed complex expression patterns.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Gene
- LOXse0
- Outcome
- complex pattern of gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All four LOXs exhibited a complex pattern of gene expression.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXA was the most abundant LOX across development and was predominantly expressed in berry skins.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berry skinse0
- Gene
- VvLOXAe0
- Outcome
- most abundant LOXe0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Qualifier
- Across all developmental stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all developmental stages, VvLOXA was the most abundant LOX and was expressed predominantly in berry skins.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXC and VvLOXD expression was more evenly distributed among seed, pulp and skin.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- seeds, pulp and skine0
- Gene
- VvLOXC and -De0
- Outcome
- expression patterne0
- Direction
- more evenly distributede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression pattern of VvLOXC and -D are more evenly distributed between seeds, pulp and skin”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXO was expressed mostly in seed.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Gene
- VvLOXOe0
- Outcome
- mostly expressed in the seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvLOXO is mostly expressed in the seed.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding and Botrytis infection rapidly increased VvLOXC and VvLOXO transcripts.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Mechanical wounding and infection of berries with Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fre0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- VvLOXC and -O transcriptse0
- Direction
- rapid accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mechanical wounding and infection of berries with Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr resulted in rapid accumulation of VvLOXC and -O transcripts.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXA expression decreased in diseased berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- diseased berriese0
- Gene
- VvLOXAe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VvLOXA expression decreased in diseased berries.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
VvLOXA and VvLOXO encode functional 13-LOXs with differing pH and temperature optima.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Gene
- VvLOXA and -Oe0
- Outcome
- functional 13-LOXse0
- Qualifier
- different pH and temperature optimae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical analysis of VvLOXA and -O recombinant proteins confirmed that these LOX genes encode functional 13-LOXs that exhibit different pH and temperature optima.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Both enzymes were active with linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- activity with linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both enzymes showed activity with linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
The same questions in other papers
Botrytis cinerea · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
infection · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →mechanical · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.