Abstract
Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings, both on their growth and their active oxygen metabolism system, mainly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities. The results showed that the negative action took place at low concentrations of Cu (less than 500 ppm) and Cd (less than 0.5 ppm), which had no obvious effects on the seedlings' growth. However, as the concentrations of Cu and Cd increased (500-3000 ppm and 0.5-50 ppm respectively), synergistic activities was observed, showing obvious negative effects (P less than 0.05). Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased. Chlorophyll a was more sensitive than chlorophyll b to Cu and Cd pollutants, and chlorophyll b was more sensitive than carotenoid. It was also shown that the active oxygen metabolism of T. repens seedlings was destroyed by high amounts of Cu and Cd, the balance of the anti-oxidase system was broken, and the CAT and SOD activities noticeably decreased while POD activity evidently increased. Cd had a more noticeable effect on seedling growth than Cu.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Cu and Cd at high concentrations had synergistic, obviously negative effects on seedlings.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- 500-3000 ppm and 0.5-50 ppme1
- Outcome
- obvious negative effectse1
- Direction
- negativee1
- Qualifier
- synergistic activitiese1
- Comparator
- control samplese2
- Setting
- Pot-culture experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e1“as the concentrations of Cu and Cd increased (500-3000 ppm and 0.5-50 ppm respectively), synergistic activities was observed, showing obvious negative effects (P less than 0.05)”
e2“Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Cd pollutants made seedlings shorter and smaller than controls.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse2
- Outcome
- seedlingse2
- Direction
- shorter and smallere2
- Comparator
- control samplese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e2“Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Cd pollutants decreased drastically the fresh/dry weight and soluble protein content of seedlings compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse2
- Outcome
- fresh/dry weight and content of soluble proteine2
- Direction
- decreased drasticallye2
- Comparator
- control samplese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e2“Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Cd pollutants increased leaf electric conductivity of seedlings compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse2
- Outcome
- leaf electric conductivitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- control samplese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e2“Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Cd pollutants decreased leaf pigment contents of seedlings compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse2
- Outcome
- contents of their leaf pigmentse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- control samplese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e2“Compared with the control samples, the seedlings affected by Cu and Cd pollutants were shorter and smaller, their fresh/dry weight and content of soluble protein decreased drastically, their leaf electric conductivity increased, and the contents of their leaf pigments decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a was more sensitive than chlorophyll b to Cu and Cd pollutants.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse3
- Compound
- Chlorophyll ae3
- Outcome
- sensitivee3
- Direction
- more sensitivee3
- Comparator
- chlorophyll be3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e3“Chlorophyll a was more sensitive than chlorophyll b to Cu and Cd pollutants, and chlorophyll b was more sensitive than carotenoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll b was more sensitive than carotenoid to Cu and Cd pollutants.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cu and Cd pollutantse3
- Compound
- chlorophyll be3
- Outcome
- sensitivee3
- Direction
- more sensitivee3
- Comparator
- carotenoide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e3“Chlorophyll a was more sensitive than chlorophyll b to Cu and Cd pollutants, and chlorophyll b was more sensitive than carotenoid”
Claim · model-written summary
High amounts of Cu and Cd noticeably decreased CAT and SOD activities in T. repens seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense4
- Treatment
- high amounts of Cu and Cde4
- Outcome
- CAT and SOD activitiese4
- Direction
- noticeably decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the active oxygen metabolism of T. repens seedlings was destroyed by high amounts of Cu and Cd, the balance of the anti-oxidase system was broken, and the CAT and SOD activities noticeably decreased while POD activity evidently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
High amounts of Cu and Cd evidently increased POD activity in T. repens seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. repensTrifolium repense4
- Treatment
- high amounts of Cu and Cde4
- Outcome
- POD activitye4
- Direction
- evidently increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the active oxygen metabolism of T. repens seedlings was destroyed by high amounts of Cu and Cd, the balance of the anti-oxidase system was broken, and the CAT and SOD activities noticeably decreased while POD activity evidently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd had a more noticeable effect on seedling growth than Cu.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cde5
- Outcome
- seedling growthe5
- Direction
- more noticeable effecte5
- Comparator
- Cue5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e5“Cd had a more noticeable effect on seedling growth than Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Cu (less than 500 ppm) and Cd (less than 0.5 ppm) had no obvious effect on seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens L.Trifolium repense0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of Cu (less than 500 ppm) and Cd (less than 0.5 ppm)e6
- Outcome
- seedlings' growthe6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of Cu and Cd pollutants on Trifolium repens L. seedlings”
e6“the negative action took place at low concentrations of Cu (less than 500 ppm) and Cd (less than 0.5 ppm), which had no obvious effects on the seedlings' growth”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.