Abstract
ABSTRACT Increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) enhanced the concentration of carbohydrates in rice grains, according to results of a previous study. However, its impact on other quality traits is little known. To investigate the effect of CO 2 levels (375 and 550 μmol/mol) on rice quality, a field experiment was conducted with open‐top chambers. Elevated [CO 2 ] affected several nutritional parameters of the grain. Whereas the concentration of α‐linolenic acid increased, that of linoleic and γ‐linolenic acids decreased. For example, reductions of 9 and 28% were observed for linoleic acid in the brown rice and for γ‐linolenic acid in the husk, respectively. Phytic acid concentration and zinc bioavailability were unaffected. Whereas iron bioavailability decreased in the brown rice (22%), calcium bioavailability increased in the bran and husk (5–11%). The concentrations of essential amino acids were also reduced; for example, the amount of isoleucine in the white rice, tyrosine in the brown rice, and phenylalanine in the bran decreased by 40, 57, and 23%, respectively. In contrast, elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in improved grain whiteness (3%) and starch viscosity (11%), with no effect on the milling quality. These data indicate that increased [CO 2 ] has both positive and negative effects on quality, depending on the specific end use of the rice grain.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased α‐linolenic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- α‐linolenic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas the concentration of α‐linolenic acid increased, that of linoleic and γ‐linolenic acids decreased.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased linoleic concentration.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- linoleice0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas the concentration of α‐linolenic acid increased, that of linoleic and γ‐linolenic acids decreased.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased γ‐linolenic acids concentration.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- γ‐linolenic acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas the concentration of α‐linolenic acid increased, that of linoleic and γ‐linolenic acids decreased.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
linoleic acid declined 9 under elevated CO2.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions of 9 and 28% were observed for linoleic acid in the brown rice and for γ‐linolenic acid in the husk, respectively.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
γ‐linolenic acid declined 28% under elevated CO2.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions of 9 and 28% were observed for linoleic acid in the brown rice and for γ‐linolenic acid in the husk, respectively.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytic acid concentration was unaffected.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Phytic acid concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytic acid concentration and zinc bioavailability were unaffected.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
zinc bioavailability was unaffected.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- zinc bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytic acid concentration and zinc bioavailability were unaffected.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
iron bioavailability decreased by 22%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- brown ricee0
- Outcome
- iron bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas iron bioavailability decreased in the brown rice (22%), calcium bioavailability increased in the bran and husk (5–11%).”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
calcium bioavailability increased by 5–11%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- bran and huske0
- Outcome
- calcium bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5–11%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas iron bioavailability decreased in the brown rice (22%), calcium bioavailability increased in the bran and husk (5–11%).”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
isoleucine decreased by 40.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of isoleucine in the white rice, tyrosine in the brown rice, and phenylalanine in the bran decreased by 40, 57, and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
tyrosine decreased by 57.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of isoleucine in the white rice, tyrosine in the brown rice, and phenylalanine in the bran decreased by 40, 57, and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
phenylalanine decreased by 23%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of isoleucine in the white rice, tyrosine in the brown rice, and phenylalanine in the bran decreased by 40, 57, and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
grain whiteness improved by 3%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- grain whitenesse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in improved grain whiteness (3%) and starch viscosity (11%), with no effect on the milling quality.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
starch viscosity improved by 11%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- starch viscositye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in improved grain whiteness (3%) and starch viscosity (11%), with no effect on the milling quality.”
t0“Rice Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no effect on milling quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- milling qualitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in improved grain whiteness (3%) and starch viscosity (11%), with no effect on the milling quality.”
t0“Rice Quality”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →co2 · quality: grain · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.