Abstract
Two mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, auxin response factor6 (arf6) and arf8, concomitantly delayed the elongation of floral organs and subsequently delayed the opening of flower buds. This phenotype is shared with the jasmonic acid (JA)-deficient mutant dad1, and, indeed, the JA level of arf6 arf8 flower buds was decreased. Among JA biosynthetic genes, the expression level of DAD1 (DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1) was markedly decreased in the double mutant, suggesting that ARF6 and ARF8 are required for activation of DAD1 expression. The double mutant arf6 arf8 also showed other developmental defects in flowers, such as aberrant vascular patterning and lack of epidermal cell differentiation in petals. We found that class 1 KNOX genes were expressed ectopically in the developing floral organs of arf6 arf8, and mutations in any of the class 1 KNOX genes (knat2, knat6, bp and hemizygous stm) partially suppressed the defects in the double mutant. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the STM gene caused a phenotype similar to that of arf6 arf8, including the down-regulation of DAD1 expression. These results suggested that most defects in arf6 arf8 are attributable to abnormal expression of class 1 KNOX genes. The expression of AS1 and AS2 was not affected in arf6 arf8 flowers, and as1 and arf6 arf8 additively increased the expression of class 1 KNOX genes. We concluded that ARF6 and ARF8, in parallel with AS1 and AS2, repress the class 1 KNOX genes in developing floral organs to allow progression of the development of these organs.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
arf6 and arf8 mutations delayed floral organ elongation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- arf6e0
- Gene
- auxin response factor6 (arf6) and arf8e0
- Outcome
- elongation of floral organse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, auxin response factor6 (arf6) and arf8, concomitantly delayed the elongation of floral organs”
Claim · model-written summary
arf6 and arf8 mutations delayed flower bud opening.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- arf8e0
- Outcome
- opening of flower budse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, auxin response factor6 (arf6) and arf8, concomitantly delayed the elongation of floral organs and subsequently delayed the opening of flower buds”
Claim · model-written summary
The arf6 arf8 floral phenotype was shared with dad1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- dad1e0
- Outcome
- phenotype is sharede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This phenotype is shared with the jasmonic acid (JA)-deficient mutant dad1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The jasmonic acid level decreased in arf6 arf8 flower buds.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- arf6 arf8e0
- Organ / stage
- flower budse0
- Outcome
- JA levele0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the JA level of arf6 arf8 flower buds was decreased”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
DAD1 expression markedly decreased in the double mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- double mutante0
- Gene
- DAD1e0
- Outcome
- expression level of DAD1e0
- Direction
- markedly decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression level of DAD1 (DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1) was markedly decreased in the double mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The double mutant had aberrant floral vascular patterning.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- arf6 arf8e0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Outcome
- aberrant vascular patterninge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The double mutant arf6 arf8 also showed other developmental defects in flowers, such as aberrant vascular patterning”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The double mutant lacked epidermal cell differentiation in petals.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- arf6 arf8e0
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Outcome
- lack of epidermal cell differentiatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The double mutant arf6 arf8 also showed other developmental defects in flowers, such as aberrant vascular patterning and lack of epidermal cell differentiation in petals”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Class 1 KNOX genes were ectopically expressed in developing arf6 arf8 floral organs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- arf6 arf8e0
- Organ / stage
- developing floral organse0
- Gene
- class 1 KNOX genese0
- Outcome
- expressed ectopicallye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“class 1 KNOX genes were expressed ectopically in the developing floral organs of arf6 arf8”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in class 1 KNOX genes partially suppressed arf6 arf8 defects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutations in any of the class 1 KNOX genese0
- Gene
- knat2, knat6, bp and hemizygous stme0
- Outcome
- defects in the double mutante0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
- Comparator
- double mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations in any of the class 1 KNOX genes (knat2, knat6, bp and hemizygous stm) partially suppressed the defects in the double mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic STM expression produced a phenotype similar to arf6 arf8.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of the STM genee0
- Gene
- STM genee0
- Outcome
- phenotype similar to that of arf6 arf8e0
- Comparator
- arf6 arf8e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ectopic expression of the STM gene caused a phenotype similar to that of arf6 arf8”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic STM expression down-regulated DAD1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of the STM genee0
- Gene
- DAD1e0
- Outcome
- DAD1 expressione0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ectopic expression of the STM gene caused a phenotype similar to that of arf6 arf8, including the down-regulation of DAD1 expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AS1 and AS2 expression was unaffected in arf6 arf8 flowers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- arf6 arf8e0
- Gene
- AS1 and AS2e0
- Outcome
- expression of AS1 and AS2e0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of AS1 and AS2 was not affected in arf6 arf8 flowers”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
as1 and arf6 arf8 additively increased class 1 KNOX expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- as1 and arf6 arf8e0
- Gene
- class 1 KNOX genese0
- Outcome
- expression of class 1 KNOX genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as1 and arf6 arf8 additively increased the expression of class 1 KNOX genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF6 and ARF8 repress class 1 KNOX genes in developing floral organs in parallel with AS1 and AS2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- developing floral organse0
- Gene
- ARF6 and ARF8e0
- Outcome
- progression of the development of these organse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ARF6 and ARF8, in parallel with AS1 and AS2, repress the class 1 KNOX genes in developing floral organs to allow progression of the development of these organs”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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