Abstract
Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate fertilizers placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape were found to delay and/or reduce emergence. Order of tolerance of these crops was oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flax. The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious than the two phosphate fertilizers, when applied on the basis of N and P 2 O 5 content, respectively. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature. This effect was greatest with treble superphosphate and was only slight with ammonium nitrate. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content. This effect was very marked with ammonium nitrate but was less with treble superphosphate. For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction. However, for flax and rape relatively light applications of fertilizers both delayed and reduced emergence and exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced ability to germinate. Damage to flax was apparently increased by soil micro-organisms.Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Banded ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate delayed and/or reduced emergence.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus
Linum usitatissimum
Avena sativa.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- fertilizers placed in a bande0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- delay and/or reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate fertilizers placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape were found to delay and/or reduce emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Oats were the most tolerant and flax the least tolerant of the crops to banded fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats, barley, flax and rapeBrassica napusLinum usitatissimumAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Order of tolerancee1
- Direction
- oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flaxe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape”
e1“Order of tolerance of these crops was oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flax”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious to emergence than the two phosphate fertilizers, on an N and P2O5 basis.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats, barley, flax and rapeBrassica napusLinum usitatissimumAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizere2
- Outcome
- injuriouse2
- Direction
- more injuriouse2
- Comparator
- the two phosphate fertilizerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape”
e2“The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious than the two phosphate fertilizers, when applied on the basis of N and P 2 O 5 content, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats, barley, flax and rapeBrassica napusLinum usitatissimumAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- lower soil temperaturee3
- Outcome
- Injury to emergencee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape”
e3“Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats, barley, flax and rapeBrassica napusLinum usitatissimumAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- lower soil moisture contente4
- Outcome
- Injury to emergencee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape”
e4“Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content”
Claim · model-written summary
For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction.
- Taxon
- wheat, oats and barleyAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume5
- Outcome
- delay in emergencee5
- Direction
- more pronouncede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
For flax and rape, relatively light fertilizer applications both delayed and reduced emergence.
- Taxon
- flax and rapeBrassica napusLinum usitatissimume6
- Treatment
- relatively light applications of fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- emergencee6
- Direction
- both delayed and reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“for flax and rape relatively light applications of fertilizers both delayed and reduced emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced their ability to germinate.
- Taxon
- CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPEt0
- Treatment
- exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture contente7
- Outcome
- ability to germinatee7
- Direction
- rapidly reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“EMERGENCE OF CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPE”
e7“exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced ability to germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil micro-organisms apparently increased damage to flax from fertilizer.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume1
- Interactor
- soil micro-organismse1other
- Outcome
- Damagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- apparentlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Damage to flax was apparently increased by soil micro-organisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed.
Verbatim
t0“EMERGENCE OF CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPE”
e0“placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape”
e2“Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →light · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →fertilization · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →fertilization · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 89 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
102 papers more in this group
See all 106 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.