Abstract
Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest. When smuts are not present, it is unclear whether seed treatments improve, reduce, or have no effect on barley yields. The impact of treatments on root rot diseases was also unclear. Seed treatments were evaluated on spring‐ and fall‐planted barley in 13 experiments performed over 2 yr at four sites in eastern Oregon. Seed treatments in the 13 experiments conducted seldom caused significant differences in plant growth, development, or grain yield, or in the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot [ R. solani (Kühn) and R. oryzae (Ryker & Gooch)] or take‐all [ Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx & Olivier var. tritici J. Walker], When yields were averaged over all test sites and years it became clear that several fungicides tended to increase yields of spring barley, and all except one mixture reduced yields of fall‐planted barley. Treatments of carboxin (see Table 1 for all fungicide chemical and trade names) plus quintozene resulted in barley yields equal to, or greater than, untreated seed in six of seven tests, and was the only mixture that did not cause an overall reduction in yield of fall‐planted barley. Mixture of carboxin with tolclofos‐methyl resulted in spring barley yields 10% or more above yields from untreated seed, but also reduced the yield of fall‐planted barley by 5% or more. Mixtures containing metalaxyl, triadimenol, propiconazole, or several other fungicides reduced the yields of both spring‐ and fall‐planted barley. Although fungicide seed treatments are of questionable value for increasing the yields of barley in eastern Oregon, the proven necessity to protect barley against smut diseases requires that their use be continued. The best treatment at this time is the mixture of carboxin plus quintozene.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments seldom caused significant differences in barley growth, development or grain yield.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Seed treatmentse1
- Outcome
- plant growth, development, or grain yielde1
- Direction
- seldom caused significant differencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e1“Seed treatments in the 13 experiments conducted seldom caused significant differences in plant growth, development, or grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments seldom caused significant differences in the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Seed treatmentse1
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie2pathogen - Outcome
- severity of Rhizoctonia root rote2
- Direction
- seldom caused significant differencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e1“Seed treatments in the 13 experiments conducted seldom caused significant differences in plant growth, development, or grain yield”
e2“or in the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot [ R. solani (Kühn) and R. oryzae (Ryker & Gooch)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Several fungicides tended to increase spring barley yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- several fungicidese3
- Outcome
- yields of spring barleye3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e3“several fungicides tended to increase yields of spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
All but one seed treatment mixture reduced fall-planted barley yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- all except one mixturee4
- Outcome
- yields of fall‐planted barleye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e4“all except one mixture reduced yields of fall‐planted barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin with tolclofos-methyl raised spring barley yields by 10% or more over untreated seed.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Mixture of carboxine7
- Outcome
- spring barley yieldse2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 10% or moree2
- Comparator
- untreated seede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e7“Mixture of carboxin with tolclofos”
e2“resulted in spring barley yields 10% or more above yields from untreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin with tolclofos-methyl reduced fall-planted barley yield by 5% or more.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Mixture of carboxine7
- Outcome
- yield of fall‐planted barleye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 5% or moree2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e7“Mixture of carboxin with tolclofos”
e2“but also reduced the yield of fall‐planted barley by 5% or more”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide mixtures containing metalaxyl, triadimenol or propiconazole reduced both spring- and fall-planted barley yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Mixtures containing metalaxyl, triadimenol, propiconazole, or several other fungicidese2
- Outcome
- yields of both spring‐ and fall‐planted barleye2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e2“Mixtures containing metalaxyl, triadimenol, propiconazole, or several other fungicides reduced the yields of both spring‐ and fall‐planted barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide seed treatments should continue to be used to protect barley against smut diseases.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- fungicide seed treatmentse1
- Outcome
- their use be continuede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e1“Although fungicide seed treatments are of questionable value for increasing the yields of barley in eastern Oregon, the proven necessity to protect barley against smut diseases requires that their use be continued”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of carboxin plus quintozene is the best seed treatment at present.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- mixture of carboxin plus quintozenee1
- Outcome
- best treatmente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides are used as seed treatments to protect barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) against the occurrence of smut diseases in the Pacific Northwest”
e1“The best treatment at this time is the mixture of carboxin plus quintozene”
The same questions in other papers
propiconazole · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →carboxin · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fungicide · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →seed treatment · Rhizoctonia solani · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
seed treatment · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.