Abstract
Abstract Fertilization and harvest frequency affect yield and quality of forages. The purposes of this experiment were to determine (i) the effects of fertilization and frequent harvesting on yield and quality of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and (ii) the efficiency of N in animal waste as compared with inorganic N fertilizer for forage production of these cool season grasses. ‘Fawn’ tall fescue and ‘Southland’ smooth bromegrass were grown in the greenhouse on Pullman clay loam topsoil (fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) under eleven fertilizer treatments and two harvest regimes. Nitrogen fertilizer increased yields, N and K concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios and decreased P, Ca, and Mg concentrations. Phosphorus and K fertilizers did not affect yields but applied P increased P and tended to decrease N and Ca concentrations. Applied K tended to increase Ca concentrations. Recovery of N from feedlot manure ranged from 0.8 to 14%, whereas, recovery from NH4NO3 averaged 64%. Harvesting at 3‐week rather than at 6‐week intervals reduced yields 25%; however, N and P removal were higher under the 3‐week harvest regime. Even though forage production was reduced under heavy utilization, the grasses required more N fertilizer under heavy than under lighter utilization. The two grasses produced similar yields under the 3‐week cutting regime and at N rates through 340 kg/ha under the 6‐week cutting regime. Tall fescue yields were higher with the higher N rates under the 6‐week cutting regime. Smooth bromegrass forage was higher than tall fescue forage in N, K, and Ca, whereas tall fescue forage was higher in P and Mg. Key words: (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)(Bromus inermis Leyss.)nutrient uptakeforage quality
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased yields, N and K concentrations, and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios of the grasses.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrass
Lolium arundinaceum
Bromus inermist0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yields, N and K concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer increased yields, N and K concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer decreased P, Ca and Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- P, Ca, and Mg concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer increased yields, N and K concentrations and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios and decreased P, Ca, and Mg concentrations.”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers did not affect forage yields.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus and K fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus and K fertilizers did not affect yields”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied phosphorus increased forage P concentration.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- applied Pe0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applied P increased P and tended to decrease N and Ca concentrations”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied phosphorus tended to decrease forage N and Ca concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- applied Pe0
- Outcome
- N and Ca concentrationse0
- Direction
- tended to decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applied P increased P and tended to decrease N and Ca concentrations”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied potassium tended to increase forage Ca concentration.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- Applied Ke0
- Outcome
- Ca concentrationse0
- Direction
- tended to increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied K tended to increase Ca concentrations.”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen recovery from feedlot manure ranged from 0.8 to 14%.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- feedlot manuree0
- Outcome
- Recovery of Ne0
- Value
- 0.8 to 14%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of N from feedlot manure ranged from 0.8 to 14%”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen recovery from NH4NO3 averaged 64%.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- NH4NO3e0
- Outcome
- recoverye0
- Value
- 64%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovery from NH4NO3 averaged 64%”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-week harvesting reduced forage yields by 25% relative to six-week harvesting.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- 3‐weeke0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- 6‐week intervalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvesting at 3‐week rather than at 6‐week intervals reduced yields 25%”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-week harvesting produced higher N and P removal than six-week harvesting.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- 3‐week harvest regimee0
- Outcome
- N and P removale0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 6‐week intervalse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N and P removal were higher under the 3‐week harvest regime”
e1“Harvesting at 3‐week rather than at 6‐week intervals”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavily utilized grasses required more N fertilizer than lightly utilized grasses.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- required more N fertilizere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- lighter utilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grasses required more N fertilizer under heavy than under lighter utilization”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The two grasses had similar yields with three-week cutting and with N rates through 340 kg/ha under six-week cutting.
- Taxon
- tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceumBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- similar yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- at N rates through 340 kg/ha under the 6‐week cutting regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two grasses produced similar yields under the 3‐week cutting regime and at N rates through 340 kg/ha under the 6‐week cutting regime.”
t0“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall fescue yielded more at higher N rates with six-week cutting.
- Taxon
- Tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 6‐week cutting regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tall fescue yields were higher with the higher N rates under the 6‐week cutting regime.”
Claim · model-written summary
Smooth bromegrass forage had higher N, K and Ca than tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- Smooth bromegrassBromus inermise0
- Outcome
- N, K, and Cae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- tall fescuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smooth bromegrass forage was higher than tall fescue forage in N, K, and Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall fescue forage had higher P and Mg than smooth bromegrass forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- P and Mge0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Smooth bromegrasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue forage was higher in P and Mg”
e1“Smooth bromegrass forage was higher than tall fescue forage in N, K, and Ca, whereas tall fescue forage was higher in P and Mg.”
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