Abstract
Weed management in rice cultivation faces increasing challenges due to herbicide resistance and environmental concerns, necessitating alternative, eco-friendly strategies. Among plant-based bioherbicides, Cosmos bipinnatus has emerged as a promising candidate due to its allelopathic potential. This study evaluated the efficacy of C. bipinnatus extracts in inhibiting key weed species, namely Echinochloa zcrus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Fimbristylis miliacea, and weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea). Bioassays demonstrated significant inhibition of radicle and coleoptile growth in these weeds, with stronger effects at higher concentrations. At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, inhibition reached 88% for E. crus-galli coleoptiles, 93% for its radicles, and 76% for L. chinensis coleoptiles. Notably, weedy rice, a major competitor in rice fields, was effectively suppressed, suggesting the potential of C. bipinnatus for integrated weed management. However, low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹) induced a hormesis effect, slightly promoting growth in some weeds and rice cultivars (OM380, OM5451, and OM18). Phytochemical analysis identified high phenolic (94.48 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoid (514.61 mg QE g-1) contents, particularly in leaves (45.93 mg GAE/g phenolic, 107.13 mg QE/g flavonoid) and flowers (63.89 mg GAE/g phenolic, 127.74 mg QE/g flavonoid), indicating their role as key inhibitory agents. These findings highlight C. bipinnatus as a viable biological solution for sustainable weed control, particularly against weedy rice. Further research is needed to optimize application strategies and minimize potential crop impacts, ensuring effective field applications while reducing reliance on synthetic herbicides in rice production systems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cosmos extract significantly inhibited weed radicle and coleoptile growth, with stronger effects at higher concentrations.
Not reportedTaxonInteractorTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“Bioassays demonstrated significant inhibition of radicle and coleoptile growth in these weeds, with stronger effects at higher concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, E. crus-galli coleoptile inhibition was 88%.
- Treatment
- 0.48 g mL⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- E. crus-galli coleoptilese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 88%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, inhibition reached 88% for E. crus-galli coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, E. crus-galli radicle inhibition was 93%.
- Treatment
- 0.48 g mL⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- E. crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- its radiclese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 93%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, inhibition reached 88% for E. crus-galli coleoptiles, 93% for its radicles”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, L. chinensis coleoptile inhibition was 76%.
- Treatment
- 0.48 g mL⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- L. chinensis
Dinebra chinensise0weed - Outcome
- L. chinensis coleoptilese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 76%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, inhibition reached 88% for E. crus-galli coleoptiles, 93% for its radicles, and 76% for L. chinensis coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy rice was effectively suppressed.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- weedy ricee0weed
- Outcome
- weedy ricee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weedy rice, a major competitor in rice fields, was effectively suppressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Low extract concentrations slightly promoted growth in some weeds.
- Treatment
- low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- growth in some weedse0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹) induced a hormesis effect, slightly promoting growth in some weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Low extract concentrations slightly promoted growth in rice cultivars OM380, OM5451, and OM18.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OM380, OM5451, and OM18e0
- Treatment
- low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹) induced a hormesis effect, slightly promoting growth in some weeds and rice cultivars (OM380, OM5451, and OM18)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic content was 94.48 mg GAE g-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“high phenolic (94.48 mg GAE g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content was 514.61 mg QE g-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid (514.61 mg QE g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phenolic content was 45.93 mg GAE/g.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“leaves (45.93 mg GAE/g phenolic”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf flavonoid content was 107.13 mg QE/g.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“leaves (45.93 mg GAE/g phenolic, 107.13 mg QE/g flavonoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower phenolic content was 63.89 mg GAE/g.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“flowers (63.89 mg GAE/g phenolic”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower flavonoid content was 127.74 mg QE/g.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“flowers (63.89 mg GAE/g phenolic, 127.74 mg QE/g flavonoid”
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botanical · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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