Abstract
Abstract The use of early‐maturing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars has been suggested as a means of avoiding drought stress and extending harvest maturity in the southeastern USA. This experiment determined the effect of cultivar maturity on seed germination and Phomopsis longicolla T.W. Hobbs seed infection following early planting. Six cultivars ranging from Maturity Group (MG) 00 to IV were planted in late April, mid‐May, and early and late June in 1992 and 1993 at Lexington, KY. The May planting was sprayed at weekly intervals between growth stages R5 and R7 with the foliar fungicide benomyl [methyl 1‐(butylcarbamoyl)‐2‐benzimidazolecarbamate] to control seed infection. A single, recommended application of benomyl was also made at growth stage R6 for all planting dates in 1993. Seed was harvested at harvest maturity (HM, defined as the time when seed first dried to <140 g kg −1 moisture) and 3 wk after that date. Higher levels (>30%) of P. longicolla seed infection frequently occurred for the April and May plantings, which often resulted in lower (<85%) seed germination for earlier maturing cultivars. As harvest maturity was delayed due to later planting dates of early‐maturing cultivars (MG 00‐II or the use of full‐season cultivars (MG III, IV), seed quality improved. Weekly benomyl applications to the mid‐May planting reduced seed infection to low levels and increased seed germination to >90% at HM in both years for all cultivars. Thus, high‐quality soybean seed can be produced on early maturing cultivars grown outside the range of adaptation, if seed infection by P. longicolla is controlled. Cultural methods are discussed for reducing seed infection and improving seed quality of early‐maturing cultivars.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
April and May plantings frequently had P. longicolla seed infection above 30%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- P. longicollae0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. longicolla seed infectione0
- Value
- >30%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher levels (>30%) of P. longicolla seed infection frequently occurred for the April and May plantings”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher infection often corresponded to germination below 85% for earlier maturing cultivars.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- earlier maturing cultivarse0
- Interactor
- P. longicollae1pathogen
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- <85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which often resulted in lower (<85%) seed germination for earlier maturing cultivars”
e1“P. longicolla seed infection”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Later planting delayed harvest maturity and improved seed quality in early maturing cultivars.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- early‐maturing cultivarse0
- Treatment
- later planting datese0
- Outcome
- seed qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As harvest maturity was delayed due to later planting dates of early‐maturing cultivars (MG 00‐II or the use of full‐season cultivars (MG III, IV), seed quality improved”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of full-season cultivars improved seed quality.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- full‐season cultivarse0
- Treatment
- use of full‐season cultivarse0
- Outcome
- seed qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of full‐season cultivars (MG III, IV), seed quality improved”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly benomyl on mid-May plantings reduced seed infection to low levels.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Weekly benomyl applicationse0
- Outcome
- seed infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly benomyl applications to the mid‐May planting reduced seed infection to low levels”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly benomyl on mid-May plantings increased germination above 90% at harvest maturity in both years for all cultivars.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Weekly benomyl applicationse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >90%e0
- Qualifier
- at HM in both years for all cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly benomyl applications to the mid‐May planting reduced seed infection to low levels and increased seed germination to >90% at HM in both years for all cultivars”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude high-quality seed from early maturing soybean outside its adaptation range is feasible if P. longicolla infection is controlled.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- P. longicollae0pathogen
- Outcome
- high‐quality soybean seed can be producede0
- Qualifier
- if seed infection by P. longicolla is controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high‐quality soybean seed can be produced on early maturing cultivars grown outside the range of adaptation, if seed infection by P. longicolla is controlled”
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