Abstract
Abstract Relay intercropping of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] into small grains might allow the two‐crops‐in‐1 year concept to be moved further northward in the U.S. Corn Belt. The small grain crops in such a system might also provide protection against soil erosion on sloping soils currently in conventional soybean production. The objective of this study was to compare monoculture oat ( Avena saliva L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean yields with soybeans relay intercropped into spring oats or winter wheat. Variables considered included small grain and soybean row widths, soybean planting date, and soybean cultivar. Field experiments were conducted on Typic Haploquoll and Typic Argiudoll soils in central Illinois. Interseeding soybeans into small grains did not affect small grain yields. In three of four environments tested, small grain yields in rows 41, 61, and 81‐cm wide averaged yields of 91, 72, and 58%, respectively, of small grains in 21‐cm row widths. In a fourth experiment, where winter wheat rows wider than 21‐cm were created by spring removal of intervening rows, yield reductions were greater than for those planted in wider rows. Monoculture soybeans produced significantly higher yields and taller plants than intercropped soybeans. Reduced growth of intercropped soybeans, especially in narrow rows, was associated with below normal precipitation during both years of experimentation. Soybeans intercropped between 41 and 61‐cm small grain rows yielded between 7 and 93% of monoculture soybeans grown in similar row widths. Soybeans aerially seeded into small grain stands failed to establish a stand, but soybeans conventionally placed in the soil produced acceptable stands. A short determinate soybean cultivar did not appear to withstand early season stress associated with intercropping as well as a tall indeterminate cultivar. In years with normal early season precipitation, successful relay intercropping of soybeans into small grains should be possible.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeding soybeans into small grains did not affect small grain yields.
- Taxon
- small graine0
- Treatment
- Interseeding soybeans into small grainse0
- Outcome
- small grain yieldse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Interseeding soybeans into small grains did not affect small grain yields”
Claim · model-written summary
In three of four environments, small grain yield in 41-cm rows averaged 91% of that in 21-cm rows.
- Taxon
- small graine0
- Treatment
- rows 41e0
- Outcome
- small grain yieldse0
- Value
- 91e0
- Comparator
- small grains in 21‐cm row widthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In three of four environments tested, small grain yields in rows 41, 61, and 81‐cm wide averaged yields of 91, 72, and 58%, respectively, of small grains in 21‐cm row widths”
Claim · model-written summary
In three of four environments, small grain yield in 61-cm rows averaged 72% of that in 21-cm rows.
- Taxon
- small graine0
- Treatment
- 61e0
- Outcome
- small grain yieldse0
- Value
- 72e0
- Comparator
- small grains in 21‐cm row widthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In three of four environments tested, small grain yields in rows 41, 61, and 81‐cm wide averaged yields of 91, 72, and 58%, respectively, of small grains in 21‐cm row widths”
Claim · model-written summary
In three of four environments, small grain yield in 81-cm rows averaged 58% of that in 21-cm rows.
- Taxon
- small graine0
- Treatment
- 81‐cm widee0
- Outcome
- small grain yieldse0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Comparator
- small grains in 21‐cm row widthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In three of four environments tested, small grain yields in rows 41, 61, and 81‐cm wide averaged yields of 91, 72, and 58%, respectively, of small grains in 21‐cm row widths”
Claim · model-written summary
In a fourth experiment, where winter wheat rows wider than 21 cm were created by spring removal of intervening rows, yield reductions were greater than for those planted in wider rows.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- spring removal of intervening rowse0
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- those planted in wider rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a fourth experiment, where winter wheat rows wider than 21‐cm were created by spring removal of intervening rows, yield reductions were greater than for those planted in wider rows”
Claim · model-written summary
Monoculture soybeans produced significantly higher yields and taller plants than intercropped soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Monoculture soybeanse0
- Outcome
- higher yields and taller plantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- intercropped soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Monoculture soybeans produced significantly higher yields and taller plants than intercropped soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced growth of intercropped soybeans, especially in narrow rows, was associated with below normal precipitation during both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- below normal precipitatione0
- Outcome
- growth of intercropped soybeanse0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced growth of intercropped soybeans, especially in narrow rows, was associated with below normal precipitation during both years of experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans intercropped between 41 and 61-cm small grain rows yielded between 7 and 93% of monoculture soybeans grown in similar row widths.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropped between 41 and 61‐cm small grain rowse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- between 7 and 93%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture soybeans grown in similar row widthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans intercropped between 41 and 61‐cm small grain rows yielded between 7 and 93% of monoculture soybeans grown in similar row widths”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans aerially seeded into small grain stands failed to establish a stand.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- aerially seeded into small grain standse0
- Outcome
- establish a stande0
- Comparator
- conventionally placed in the soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans aerially seeded into small grain stands failed to establish a stand, but soybeans conventionally placed in the soil produced acceptable stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans conventionally placed in the soil produced acceptable stands.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- acceptable standse0
- Qualifier
- conventionally placed in the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans aerially seeded into small grain stands failed to establish a stand, but soybeans conventionally placed in the soil produced acceptable stands”
Claim · model-written summary
A short determinate soybean cultivar did not appear to withstand early season stress associated with intercropping as well as a tall indeterminate cultivar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- short determinate soybean cultivare0
- Outcome
- withstand early season stress associated with intercroppinge0
- Comparator
- tall indeterminate cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A short determinate soybean cultivar did not appear to withstand early season stress associated with intercropping as well as a tall indeterminate cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
In years with normal early season precipitation, successful relay intercropping of soybeans into small grains should be possible.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- successful relay intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In years with normal early season precipitation, successful relay intercropping of soybeans into small grains should be possible”
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See all 218 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.