Abstract
Abstract Different solvent extracts of neem seed kernels were evaluated against Spodoptera litura F. on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves. Based on this evaluation, aqueous extract was dissolved in ethanol, and methanol extract in ethanol, and dissolved parts were designated as fraction I and fraction II, respectively. The extracts having more antifeedant activity were encapsulated to achieve stability against the sunlight. Among the solvent extracts tested at 1.0% concentration, methanol extract provided maximum protection (100%) of the leaves followed by ethanol (98.39%) and aqueous (93.01%) extracts. Fraction I and fraction 11 were equally effective at 0.1 % concentration against S. litura larvae and checked more than 70% of leaf damage. However, such extracts were found to be unstable when exposed to sunlight. The pre‐gelatinized starch‐encapsulated products, viz. ρre‐gel I and pre‐gel II were quite stable and afforded more than 68.0% protection to the cauliflower leaves even after 6 days of exposure to sunlight.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract gave maximum leaf protection of 100% at 1.0%.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise1 - Treatment
- methanol extracte0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturat0pest - Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.0% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the solvent extracts tested at 1.0% concentration, methanol extract provided maximum protection (100%) of the leaves followed by ethanol (98.39%) and aqueous (93.01%) extracts.”
t0“Spodoptera litura”
e1“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol extract gave 98.39% leaf protection at 1.0%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturat0pest
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Value
- 98.39%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.0% concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the solvent extracts tested at 1.0% concentration, methanol extract provided maximum protection (100%) of the leaves followed by ethanol (98.39%) and aqueous (93.01%) extracts.”
t0“Spodoptera litura”
e1“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract gave 93.01% leaf protection at 1.0%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise1
- Treatment
- aqueouse0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturat0pest
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Value
- 93.01%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.0% concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the solvent extracts tested at 1.0% concentration, methanol extract provided maximum protection (100%) of the leaves followed by ethanol (98.39%) and aqueous (93.01%) extracts.”
t0“Spodoptera litura”
e1“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fraction I checked over 70% of leaf damage at 0.1 %.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- Fraction Ie0
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae0pest
- Outcome
- leaf damagee0
- Direction
- checkede0
- Value
- more than 70%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.1 % concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fraction I and fraction 11 were equally effective at 0.1 % concentration against S. litura larvae and checked more than 70% of leaf damage.”
t0“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fraction 11 checked over 70% of leaf damage at 0.1 %.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- fraction 11e0
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae0pest
- Outcome
- leaf damagee0
- Direction
- checkede0
- Value
- more than 70%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.1 % concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fraction I and fraction 11 were equally effective at 0.1 % concentration against S. litura larvae and checked more than 70% of leaf damage.”
t0“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The selected extracts were unstable in sunlight.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- such extractse0
- Outcome
- unstable when exposed to sunlighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, such extracts were found to be unstable when exposed to sunlight.”
t0“on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated pre-gel I remained stable and protected cauliflower leaves after six days of sunlight.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- ρre‐gel Ie0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturat0pest
- Outcome
- protection to the cauliflower leavese0
- Value
- more than 68.0%e0
- Qualifier
- after 6 days of exposure to sunlighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre‐gelatinized starch‐encapsulated products, viz. ρre‐gel I and pre‐gel II were quite stable and afforded more than 68.0% protection to the cauliflower leaves even after 6 days of exposure to sunlight.”
t0“Spodoptera litura”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated pre-gel II remained stable and protected cauliflower leaves after six days of sunlight.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- pre‐gel IIe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturat0pest
- Outcome
- protection to the cauliflower leavese0
- Value
- more than 68.0%e0
- Qualifier
- after 6 days of exposure to sunlighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre‐gelatinized starch‐encapsulated products, viz. ρre‐gel I and pre‐gel II were quite stable and afforded more than 68.0% protection to the cauliflower leaves even after 6 days of exposure to sunlight.”
t0“Spodoptera litura”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Spodoptera litura · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.