Abstract
It has been hypothesized that N accumulation and carbohydrate synthesis compete for energy and carbon skeletons during the reproductive growth phase of small grain cereals. This study was conducted to determine whether an increased N accumulation during grain rifling of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) may reduce carbohydrate availability for grain formation. In a 2‐yr field experiment, four spring wheat genotypes, grown under three early N regimes, were supplied with 0, 50, and 100 kg N ha −1 at heading. The effect of late N application on photosynthesis rate (only in 1991), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), grain growth and yield was recorded. N application at heading reduced WSC content of the shoot at anthesis by 8.5 g WSC per gram of accumulated N. During grain filling, a steady regeneration of WSC reserves in the stem occurred, though N accumulation was still enhanced by late application of N. By 320 degree days (d°) after anthesis, differences in stem WSC reserves between late N levels had disappeared. Measurements of photosynthesis rate and leaf area duration indicated that photosynthetic capacity of the canopy was increased by application of late N. Apart from the detrimental effect of late tillers which were induced by late N application, late N application generally resulted in higher grain yields. Since N compounds can be invested in light interception (photosynthesis rate, leaf area duration) before they are translocated to the grains, the consumption of energy and carbon skeletons for assimilating N cannot be considered alone as reducing carbohydrate availability for grain formation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at heading reduced shoot WSC at anthesis by 8.5 g per gram accumulated nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- at anthesise0
- Treatment
- N application at headinge0
- Outcome
- WSC content of the shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.5 g WSC per gram of accumulated Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application at heading reduced WSC content of the shoot at anthesis by 8.5 g WSC per gram of accumulated N.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem WSC reserves regenerated steadily during grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- During grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- a steady regeneration of WSC reserves in the steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During grain filling, a steady regeneration of WSC reserves in the stem occurred, though N accumulation was still enhanced by late application of N.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late nitrogen enhanced nitrogen accumulation during grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late application of Ne0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During grain filling, a steady regeneration of WSC reserves in the stem occurred, though N accumulation was still enhanced by late application of N.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences between late nitrogen levels in stem WSC disappeared by 320 degree days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- differences in stem WSC reservese0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Qualifier
- 320 degree days (d°) after anthesise0
- Comparator
- late N levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 320 degree days (d°) after anthesis, differences in stem WSC reserves between late N levels had disappeared.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late nitrogen increased canopy photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of late Ne0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacity of the canopye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic capacity of the canopy was increased by application of late N”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late nitrogen induced detrimental late tillers.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late N applicatione0
- Outcome
- late tillerse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“detrimental effect of late tillers which were induced by late N application”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late nitrogen generally increased grain yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late N application generally resulted in higher grain yields”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded nitrogen assimilation alone does not reduce carbohydrate availability for grain formation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate availability for grain formatione0
- Qualifier
- the consumption of energy and carbon skeletons for assimilating Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the consumption of energy and carbon skeletons for assimilating N cannot be considered alone as reducing carbohydrate availability for grain formation”
t0“Wheat”
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