Abstract
Management of winter annual weeds (WAWs) can affect soil N availability and corn ( Zea mays L.) production under no‐till systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of delaying WAW herbicide applications on N availability and grain yield for no‐till corn following soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Field research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites with naturally‐occurring populations of WAWs in eastern Kansas. A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (November–March, April, and May) and five N rates (0, 17, 34, 67, and 135 kg N ha –1 ) were used to evaluate the interaction between weed and N response. Corn plant population, soil nitrate‐N, early corn N uptake, chlorophyll meter (CM) readings at silking, and grain yield were measured. Analysis across site‐years, no significant interaction occurred between herbicide application date and N rate for variables measured. Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant –1 , CM readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha –1 across site‐years. Using the N fertilizer equivalence values (based on CM readings and grain yield), an estimated additional 16 to 17 kg N ha –1 was needed if herbicide application was delayed until April. Producers can increase corn N uptake and grain yield for rainfed no‐till corn following soybeans in eastern Kansas by applying herbicides on WAWs before April.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying herbicide application until April reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N per plant.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Delaying herbicide application until Aprile1
- Outcome
- early corn N uptakee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 52 mg N plant –1e1
- Comparator
- November–Marche2
- Setting
- eastern Kansase3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant –1 , CM readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha –1 across site‐years”
e2“A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (November–March, April, and May)”
e3“Field research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites with naturally‐occurring populations of WAWs in eastern Kansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying herbicide application until April reduced chlorophyll meter readings at silking by 3.4%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Delaying herbicide application until Aprile1
- Outcome
- CM readings at silkinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 3.4%e1
- Comparator
- November–Marche2
- Setting
- eastern Kansase3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant –1 , CM readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha –1 across site‐years”
e2“A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (November–March, April, and May)”
e3“Field research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites with naturally‐occurring populations of WAWs in eastern Kansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying herbicide application until April reduced grain yield by 0.48 Mg per hectare across site-years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Delaying herbicide application until Aprile1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 0.48 Mg ha –1e1
- Comparator
- November–Marche2
- Setting
- eastern Kansase3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant –1 , CM readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha –1 across site‐years”
e2“A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (November–March, April, and May)”
e3“Field research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites with naturally‐occurring populations of WAWs in eastern Kansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying herbicide application until April was estimated to need an additional 16 to 17 kg N per hectare of fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- herbicide application was delayed until Aprile4
- Outcome
- estimated additionale4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 16 to 17 kg N ha –1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant –1 , CM readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha –1 across site‐years”
e4“Using the N fertilizer equivalence values (based on CM readings and grain yield), an estimated additional 16 to 17 kg N ha –1 was needed if herbicide application was delayed until April”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying herbicides on winter annual weeds before April increases corn N uptake and grain yield for rainfed no-till corn following soybeans in eastern Kansas.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse5
- Outcome
- applying herbicides on WAWs before Aprile5
- Setting
- eastern Kansase5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Producers can increase corn N uptake and grain yield for rainfed no‐till corn following soybeans in eastern Kansas by applying herbicides on WAWs before April”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant interaction occurred between herbicide application date and N rate for the variables measured.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- herbicide application date and N ratee6
- Qualifier
- for variables measurede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Management of winter annual weeds (WAWs) can affect soil N availability and corn ( Zea mays L.) production under no‐till systems”
e6“Analysis across site‐years, no significant interaction occurred between herbicide application date and N rate for variables measured”
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