Abstract
Abstract Alachlor [2‐chloro‐2′,6′‐diethyl‐ N ‐(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N,N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine) have been reported by several investigators to inhibit root growth in a variety ot plants. However, the biochemical significance of this inhibition is not known. The inhibition of root growth could interfere wth the uptake of plant nutrients. The greenhouse experiments of the present study were conducted to determine what effects the herbicides, alachlor and trifluralin have on the growth and on the uptake of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 of oats ( Avena sativa L. ‘Neal’) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Clark 63’]. Oats is regarded as an alachlor and trifluralin‐sensitive species, and soybean is regarded as an alachlor and triflurafin‐tolerant species. Root weight of both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of both soil‐incorporated herbicides. The reduced root biomass of soybean was accompanied by a proportional reduction in shoot biomass, but in oats the shoot biomass was reduced more than the root biomass. Root biomass and the accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 in oat and soybean shoots were directly correlated. Alachlor and trifluralin altered biochemical processes in oats and soybeans which control root and shoot growth. The herbicides selectively altered the plants' abilities to absorb H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 .
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing alachlor concentration reduced oat root weight.
- Taxon
- Oats
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- alachlore1
- Outcome
- Root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats”
e0“Root weight of both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of both soil‐incorporated herbicides”
e1“the herbicides, alachlor and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing trifluralin concentration reduced oat root weight.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- trifluraline1
- Outcome
- Root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats”
e0“Root weight of both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of both soil‐incorporated herbicides”
e1“the herbicides, alachlor and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing alachlor concentration reduced soybean root weight.
- Taxon
- Soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- alachlore1
- Outcome
- Root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybeans”
e0“Root weight of both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of both soil‐incorporated herbicides”
e1“the herbicides, alachlor and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing trifluralin concentration reduced soybean root weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- trifluraline1
- Outcome
- Root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybeans”
e0“Root weight of both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of both soil‐incorporated herbicides”
e1“the herbicides, alachlor and trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced soybean root biomass accompanied proportionally reduced shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced root biomass of soybean was accompanied by a proportional reduction in shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat shoot biomass declined more than root biomass.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reduced moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in oats the shoot biomass was reduced more than the root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat root biomass correlated directly with phosphate accumulation in shoots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4e0
- Direction
- directly correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass and the accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 in oat and soybean shoots were directly correlated”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat root biomass correlated directly with sulfate accumulation in shoots.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- 35 SO 2− 4e0
- Direction
- directly correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass and the accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 in oat and soybean shoots were directly correlated”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root biomass correlated directly with phosphate accumulation in shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4e0
- Direction
- directly correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass and the accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 in oat and soybean shoots were directly correlated”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root biomass correlated directly with sulfate accumulation in shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- 35 SO 2− 4e0
- Direction
- directly correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass and the accumulation of H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4 in oat and soybean shoots were directly correlated”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor altered growth-controlling biochemical processes in oats and soybeans.
- Taxon
- Oats and SoybeansGlycine maxAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Alachlore0
- Outcome
- biochemical processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats and Soybeans”
e0“Alachlor and trifluralin altered biochemical processes in oats and soybeans which control root and shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin altered growth-controlling biochemical processes in oats and soybeans.
- Taxon
- Oats and SoybeansGlycine maxAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- biochemical processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats and Soybeans”
e0“Alachlor and trifluralin altered biochemical processes in oats and soybeans which control root and shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides selectively altered phosphate absorption in oats and soybeans.
- Taxon
- Oats and SoybeansGlycine maxAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- abilities to absorb H 32 PO 2− 4e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats and Soybeans”
e0“The herbicides selectively altered the plants' abilities to absorb H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides selectively altered sulfate absorption in oats and soybeans.
- Taxon
- Oats and SoybeansGlycine maxAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- 35 SO 2− 4e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oats and Soybeans”
e0“The herbicides selectively altered the plants' abilities to absorb H 32 PO 2− 4 and 35 SO 2− 4”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →alachlor · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →alachlor · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
trifluralin · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.