Abstract
The effects of varying concentrations and duration of alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] treatment on root growth, cell division, and cell enlargement were studied. Peas ( Pisum sativum L. ‘Alaska’) and oats ( Avena sativa L. ‘Victory’) were treated from 0 to 48 h with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10 -8 to 1 × 10 -3 M of each herbicide. After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively. When growth inhibitions were examined across time at concentrations greater than these, the degree of growth inhibition was a function of both concentration and duration of treatment. Often the greatest decrease in growth occurred between 0 and 12 h. Mitotic indices of root tip squashes from pea roots and paraffin sections from oat roots were determined. There was a significant reduction in the mitotic indices of pea roots treated for 48 h with 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor or 1 × 10 -5 M metolachlor. After a 30-h treatment, the mitotic indices of oat roots were significantly reduced by 1 × 10 −7 M metolachlor and 1 × 10 −6 M alachlor. Significant inhibition of elongation of etiolated oat coleoptiles were observed at 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor (27%) and 5 × 10 −5 M metolachlor (30%). Inhibition of pea hypocotyl elongation did not occur at concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 M. It was concluded that the growth inhibition of plants caused by alachlor and metolachlor results from both an inhibition of cell division and cell enlargement.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor significantly inhibited pea growth rates at 1 × 10 -7 M after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- 1 × 10 -7 M alachlore0
- Outcome
- average growth ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor significantly inhibited pea growth rates at 5 × 10 −8 M.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlore0
- Outcome
- average growth ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor significantly inhibited oat growth rates at 5 × 10 −7 M.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- 5 × 10 −7 M alachlore0
- Outcome
- average growth ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor significantly inhibited oat growth rates at 1 × 10 -6 M.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlore0
- Outcome
- average growth ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth inhibition increased with treatment concentration and duration.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- concentration and duration of treatmente0
- Outcome
- degree of growth inhibitione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of growth inhibition was a function of both concentration and duration of treatment”
t0“Growth Inhibitory Characteristics of Alachlor and Metolachlor”
e1“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest growth decrease often occurred in the first 12 hours.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- greatest decreasee0
- Qualifier
- between 0 and 12 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Often the greatest decrease in growth occurred between 0 and 12 h.”
t0“Growth Inhibitory Characteristics of Alachlor and Metolachlor”
e1“After 48 h, average growth rates were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 1 × 10 -7 M alachlor and 5 × 10 −8 M metolachlor, and 5 × 10 −7 M alachlor and 1 × 10 -6 M metolachlor for peas and oats, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor significantly reduced pea root mitotic index after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 5 × 10 −6 M alachlore0
- Outcome
- mitotic indices of pea rootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant reduction in the mitotic indices of pea roots treated for 48 h with 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor or 1 × 10 -5 M metolachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor significantly reduced pea root mitotic index after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 1 × 10 -5 M metolachlore0
- Outcome
- mitotic indices of pea rootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant reduction in the mitotic indices of pea roots treated for 48 h with 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor or 1 × 10 -5 M metolachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor significantly reduced oat root mitotic index after 30 hours.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 1 × 10 −7 M metolachlore0
- Outcome
- mitotic indices of oat rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After a 30-h treatment, the mitotic indices of oat roots were significantly reduced by 1 × 10 −7 M metolachlor and 1 × 10 −6 M alachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor significantly reduced oat root mitotic index after 30 hours.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 1 × 10 −6 M alachlore0
- Outcome
- mitotic indices of oat rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After a 30-h treatment, the mitotic indices of oat roots were significantly reduced by 1 × 10 −7 M metolachlor and 1 × 10 −6 M alachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor inhibited oat coleoptile elongation by 27%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 × 10 −6 M alachlore0
- Outcome
- elongation of etiolated oat coleoptilese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant inhibition of elongation of etiolated oat coleoptiles were observed at 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor (27%) and 5 × 10 −5 M metolachlor (30%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor inhibited oat coleoptile elongation by 30%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 × 10 −5 M metolachlore0
- Outcome
- elongation of etiolated oat coleoptilese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant inhibition of elongation of etiolated oat coleoptiles were observed at 5 × 10 −6 M alachlor (27%) and 5 × 10 −5 M metolachlor (30%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea hypocotyl elongation was not inhibited below 5 × 10 −4 M.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 Me0
- Outcome
- pea hypocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- did not occure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of pea hypocotyl elongation did not occur at concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 M.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that both inhibited cell division and enlargement explain herbicide growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- alachlor and metolachlore0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of cell division and cell enlargemente0
Verbatim
e0“the growth inhibition of plants caused by alachlor and metolachlor results from both an inhibition of cell division and cell enlargement.”
The same questions in other papers
alachlor · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
alachlor · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.