Abstract
The effect of exposing tame oat ( Avena sativa L. ‘Hudson’) to trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine) and triallate [ S -(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] during seed imbibition was investigated in a growth cabinet at 21 C in the absence of light. Caryopses were imbibed in 0.0, 1.5, and 3.0 ppmv aqueous dilutions of trifluralin and triallate for up to 10 h, after which germination was continued in distilled water. Germination was not affected following imbibition in either herbicide. Both herbicides produced distinct visual symptoms of herbicide injury during subsequent seedling growth. Coleoptile length of 5-day-old seedlings was reduced following imbibition in a 1.5-ppmv dilution of either herbicide. Triallate at 1.5 ppmv resulted in a reduction in shoot dry weight. Both herbicides were largely excluded from embryos of imbibing caryopses. Seedlings were unaffected when cultured from embryos excised from caryopses imbibed in trifluralin and triallate dilutions. Seedling phytotoxic effects resulted from residual activity of trifluralin and triallate retained by the pericarp and testa of imbibed caryopses. Presence of the hull during imbibition decreased the phytotoxic effect of both herbicides on shoot growth. These findings suggest that germinating seedlings of Avena spp. may be affected by trifluralin and triallate at an earlier stage than previously realized.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin imbibition did not affect oat germination.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- trifluraline1
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination was not affected following imbibition in either herbicide.”
t0“Tame Oat”
e1“trifluralin and triallate dilutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Triallate imbibition did not affect oat germination.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- triallatee1
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination was not affected following imbibition in either herbicide.”
t0“Tame Oat”
e1“trifluralin and triallate dilutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides produced visible injury during oat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedling growthe0
- Treatment
- Both herbicidese0
- Outcome
- visual symptoms of herbicide injurye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both herbicides produced distinct visual symptoms of herbicide injury during subsequent seedling growth.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin at 1.5 ppmv reduced coleoptile length in five-day-old oat seedlings.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 5-day-old seedlingse0
- Treatment
- trifluraline1
- Outcome
- Coleoptile lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.5-ppmve0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coleoptile length of 5-day-old seedlings was reduced following imbibition in a 1.5-ppmv dilution of either herbicide.”
t0“Tame Oat”
e1“trifluralin and triallate dilutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Triallate at 1.5 ppmv reduced coleoptile length in five-day-old oat seedlings.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 5-day-old seedlingse0
- Treatment
- triallatee1
- Outcome
- Coleoptile lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.5-ppmve0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coleoptile length of 5-day-old seedlings was reduced following imbibition in a 1.5-ppmv dilution of either herbicide.”
t0“Tame Oat”
e1“trifluralin and triallate dilutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Triallate at 1.5 ppmv reduced oat shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- Triallate at 1.5 ppmve0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triallate at 1.5 ppmv resulted in a reduction in shoot dry weight.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides were largely excluded from oat embryos during imbibition.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- imbibing caryopsese0
- Outcome
- excluded from embryose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both herbicides were largely excluded from embryos of imbibing caryopses.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat seedlings cultured from excised embryos of herbicide-imbibed caryopses were unaffected.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- embryose0
- Treatment
- trifluralin and triallate dilutionse0
- Outcome
- Seedlingse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings were unaffected when cultured from embryos excised from caryopses imbibed in trifluralin and triallate dilutions.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual herbicide in oat pericarp and testa caused seedling phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pericarp and testae0
- Treatment
- trifluralin and triallatee0
- Outcome
- Seedling phytotoxic effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling phytotoxic effects resulted from residual activity of trifluralin and triallate retained by the pericarp and testa of imbibed caryopses.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The hull reduced herbicide phytotoxicity to oat shoot growth during imbibition.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Presence of the hull during imbibitione0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presence of the hull during imbibition decreased the phytotoxic effect of both herbicides on shoot growth.”
t0“Tame Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest trifluralin and triallate may affect germinating Avena earlier than previously realized.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that germinating seedlings of Avena spp. may be affected by trifluralin and triallate at an earlier stage than previously realized.”
The same questions in other papers
Tri-allate · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- negative
trifluralin · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.