Abstract
Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers in Kenya and also is a major dietary component for many Kenyans. The production of collards is, however, constrained by several pests, with diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae being the major pest. Control of the diamondback moth larvae has mainly been by chemical sprays, which has resulted in the problem of pest resistance and pollution to the environment. This study was, therefore, an attempt to look into alternative environmentally friendly ways of controlling diamondback moth larvae in collards. Two studies were conducted in Egerton University, Tatton Farm, Njoro, Kenya to determine the effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on the diamondback moth larvae population and damage, and yield of collard. Intercropping collard with either beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or onions (Allium cepa) significantly lowered moth larvae populations and damage on collard leaves compared to unsprayed collard monocrop. Overall, the lowest larvae population and damage was recorded in insecticide sprayed collard monocrop. Nitrogen application increased diamondback moth damage on collard, but did not affect larvae populations. Intercropping increased crop output per unit area of land, measured by land equivalent ratios. Considering the harmful effects associated with synthetic insecticides, these results indicate that intercropping collard with either beans or onions can be effectively used to suppress diamondback moth larvae population and damage in collards. Key Words: Cropping systems, IPM, LER, Plutella xylostella Résumé Le collier (Brassia oleracea var. acephala D.C) est une importante source de revenue pour les nombreux petits fermiers au Kenya et aussi un majeur composant alimentaire pour beaucoup des Kenyans. La production du collier est cependant contrainte par plusieurs insectes, avec les papillons nocturnes Plutella xylostella comme l'insecte majeur. Le contrôle des larves de Plutella xylostella a été principalement par pulvérisation des particles chimiques laquelle a engendré le problème de résistance des insectes et la pollution de l'environnement. Ainsi donc, cette étude était une tentative de voir des voies alternatives, environnementalement favorables, de contrôle de population et dégâts des larves de Plutella xylostella dans les colliers. Deux études étaient conduites à l'Université d'Egerton, et dans les fermes de Talton et de Njoro au Kenya pour déterminer les effets d'intercultures et l'application de l'azote sur la population et les dégâts des larves de plutella xylostella et le rendement de colliers. L'interculture de collier avec d'autres haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ou les oignons (Allium cepa) a significativement baissé les populations et les dégâts des larves de Plutella xylostella sur les feuilles de colliers comparé à la monoculture de collier non pulverisé. Globalement, la faible population et dégâts était enregistrés dans la pulvérisation d'insecticide en monoculture de collier. L'application d'azote a augmenté les dégâts de Plutella xylostella sur les colliers, mais n'avait pas affecté les populations des larves. L'interculture a augmenté la production des plantes par unité de surface de terre, mesurée par rapports à l'équivalent de terre. Considérant les effets nuisibles associés avec les insecticides synthétiques, ces résultats indiquent que l'interculture de collier avec les autres haricots ou oignons peut être effectivement utilisée pour supprimer la population et dégâts des larves de Plutella xylostella dans les colliers. Mots Clés: Systèmes de cultures, IPM, LER, Plutella xylostella (Af Crop Sci J 2003 Vol 11 No 1 pp35-42)
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping collard with beans or onions significantly lowered diamondback moth larvae populations and damage on collard leaves compared with unsprayed collard monocrop.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala
Brassica oleracea var. viridise7 - Treatment
- Intercropping collard with either beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or onions (Allium cepa)e1
- Interactor
- Plutella xylostella
Plutella xylostellae6pest - Outcome
- moth larvae populations and damage on collard leavese1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Comparator
- unsprayed collard monocrope1
- Setting
- Egerton University, Tatton Farm, Njoro, Kenyae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e0“Two studies were conducted in Egerton University, Tatton Farm, Njoro, Kenya”
e1“Intercropping collard with either beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or onions (Allium cepa) significantly lowered moth larvae populations and damage on collard leaves compared to unsprayed collard monocrop”
e6“diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae being the major pest”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased diamondback moth damage on collard.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephalaBrassica oleracea var. viridise7
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione2
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- diamondback moth damage on collarde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e2“Nitrogen application increased diamondback moth damage on collard, but did not affect larvae populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application did not affect diamondback moth larvae populations on collard.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephalaBrassica oleracea var. viridise7
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione2
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- larvae populationse2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e2“Nitrogen application increased diamondback moth damage on collard, but did not affect larvae populations”
Claim · model-written summary
The insecticide-sprayed collard monocrop had the lowest larvae population and damage.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephalaBrassica oleracea var. viridise7
- Treatment
- insecticide sprayed collard monocrope3
- Outcome
- larvae population and damagee3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e3“Overall, the lowest larvae population and damage was recorded in insecticide sprayed collard monocrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased crop output per unit area of land, measured by land equivalent ratios.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephalaBrassica oleracea var. viridise7
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge4
- Outcome
- crop output per unit area of lande4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- measured by land equivalent ratiose4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e4“Intercropping increased crop output per unit area of land, measured by land equivalent ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping collard with beans or onions can be effectively used to suppress diamondback moth larvae population and damage in collards.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. acephalaBrassica oleracea var. viridise7
- Treatment
- intercropping collard with either beans or onionse5
- Outcome
- suppress diamondback moth larvae population and damagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers”
e5“intercropping collard with either beans or onions can be effectively used to suppress diamondback moth larvae population and damage in collards”
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