Abstract
Improvements in carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency lead to increases in maximum leaf area index at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]); however, the molecular drivers for this increase are unknown. We investigated the molecular basis for changes in leaf development at elevated [CO(2)] using soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. The transcriptome responses of rapidly growing and fully expanded leaves to elevated [CO(2)] were investigated using cDNA microarrays. We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves. Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves. We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO(2)] by development interaction. Clustering of these transcripts showed that transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [CO(2)] compared to growing leaves that developed at ambient [CO(2)]. The 327 [CO(2)]-responsive genes largely suggest that elevated [CO(2)] stimulates the respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates, which provides increased energy and biochemical precursors for leaf expansion and growth at elevated [CO(2)]. While increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate production at elevated [CO(2)] are well documented, this research demonstrates that at the transcript and metabolite level, respiratory breakdown of starch is also increased at elevated [CO(2)].
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean, 1,146 transcripts changed significantly in expression between growing and fully expanded leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- growing versus fully expanded leavese1
- Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Value
- 1,146e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle and cell wall loosening were highly expressed in growing soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- growing leavese1
- Outcome
- Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall looseninge1
- Direction
- highly expressede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
139 transcripts showed a significant CO2-by-development interaction in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Value
- 139e1
- Qualifier
- [CO(2)] by development interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO(2)] by development interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcripts for cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- growing leavese1
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e1
- Outcome
- transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferatione1
- Direction
- more highly expressede1
- Comparator
- ambient [CO(2)]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [CO(2)] compared to growing leaves that developed at ambient [CO(2)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 is suggested to stimulate respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e1
- Outcome
- respiratory breakdown of carbohydratese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“The 327 [CO(2)]-responsive genes largely suggest that elevated [CO(2)] stimulates the respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiratory breakdown of starch was increased at elevated CO2 at the transcript and metabolite level.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e1
- Outcome
- respiratory breakdown of starche1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at the transcript and metabolite levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility”
e1“at the transcript and metabolite level, respiratory breakdown of starch is also increased at elevated [CO(2)]”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.