Abstract
Climate change due to increased [CO 2 ] and elevated temperature may impact the composition of crop seed. This study was conducted to determine the potential effects of climate change on composition and gene expression of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Bragg’] seed. Soybean plants were grown in sunlit, controlled environment chambers under diel, sinusoidal temperatures of 28/18, 32/22, 36/26, 40/30, and 44/34°C (day/night, maximum/minimum), and two levels of [CO 2 ], 350 and 700 μmol mol −1 , imposed during the entire life cycle. The effect of temperature on mature seed composition and transcripts in developing seed was pronounced, but there was no effect of [CO 2 ]. Total oil concentration was highest at 32/22°C and decreased with further increase in temperature. Oleic acid concentration increased with increasing temperature whereas linolenic acid decreased. Concentrations of N and P increased with temperature to 40/30°C, then decreased. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) decreased as temperatures increased, and the proportion of soluble sugars to starch decreased. Transcripts of a gene that is downregulated by auxin (ADR12) were dramatically downregulated by elevated temperature, possibly reflecting the altered course of seed development under environmental stress. Transcripts of β‐glucosidase, a gene expressed during normal soybean seed development, were detected in seed grown at 28/18°C but not in seed grown at 40/30°C, which also suggests that normal programs affecting seed composition were perturbed by elevated temperature. These results confirm previous studies indicating that high temperature alters soybean seed composition, and suggest possible mechanisms by which climate change may affect soybean seed development and composition.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 had no effect on mature seed composition and transcripts.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- mature seed composition and transcripts in developing seede0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of temperature on mature seed composition and transcripts in developing seed was pronounced, but there was no effect of [CO 2 ]”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Total seed oil concentration peaked at 32/22°C and fell as temperature rose further.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Total oil concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32/22°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total oil concentration was highest at 32/22°C and decreased with further increase in temperature”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleic acid concentration increased with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Oleic acid concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oleic acid concentration increased with increasing temperature”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Linolenic acid concentration decreased as temperature increased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- linolenic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing temperature whereas linolenic acid decreased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed N and P concentrations increased with temperature to 40/30°C and then decreased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of N and Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40/30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of N and P increased with temperature to 40/30°C, then decreased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nonstructural carbohydrates decreased as temperature increased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) decreased as temperatures increased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The soluble sugar to starch proportion decreased as temperature increased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperaturese0
- Outcome
- proportion of soluble sugars to starche0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“temperatures increased, and the proportion of soluble sugars to starch decreased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature dramatically downregulated ADR12 transcripts.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Gene
- ADR12e0
- Outcome
- Transcriptse0
- Direction
- dramatically downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts of a gene that is downregulated by auxin (ADR12) were dramatically downregulated by elevated temperature”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
β‐glucosidase transcripts were detected at 28/18°C but not 40/30°C.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 40/30°Ce0
- Gene
- β‐glucosidasee0
- Outcome
- Transcripts of β‐glucosidasee0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- 28/18°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts of β‐glucosidase, a gene expressed during normal soybean seed development, were detected in seed grown at 28/18°C but not in seed grown at 40/30°C”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.