Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes losses in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seed quality and yield. Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to investigate F. graminearum seed infection (SI) and its relationship to seed germination and vigor and the production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Seeds from four soft red winter wheat cultivars having different levels of Type II resistance to F. graminearum were harvested at frequent intervals during development and maturity. Low levels of SI occurred late in seed development in 2000, which resulted in high seed quality. In 2001, under heavy disease pressure, F. graminearum increased from <20% at 10 d after anthesis (DAA) to >98% at maturity in both resistant and susceptible cultivars, resulting in unacceptable standard germination (SG) (<80%) and seed vigor [<70% accelerated aging (AA) germination] early in seed development. Although fungicide seed treatment improved the SG of all cultivars, it still remained below acceptable commercial seed quality (80%). Deoxynivalenol was present at significant levels (5 to 25 mg kg −1 ) throughout seed development and maturation in all cultivars in 2001. Although the resistant cultivar P25R18 had reduced levels of DON and lower seed damage compared with susceptible P2552, resistance had no effect on SI and seed quality. Therefore, under severe disease pressure, Type II resistance offers little advantage to seed producers in reducing SI and improving seed quality during severe FHB epidemics.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low seed infection occurred late in 2000 development, with high seed quality.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- seed developmente0
- Outcome
- Low levels of SIe0
- Qualifier
- high seed qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“Low levels of SI occurred late in seed development in 2000, which resulted in high seed quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under heavy disease pressure in 2001, seed infection rose from below 20% at 10 days after anthesis to above 98% at maturity in resistant and susceptible cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- F. graminearume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >98%e0
- Qualifier
- from <20% at 10 d after anthesis (DAA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“In 2001, under heavy disease pressure, F. graminearum increased from <20% at 10 d after anthesis (DAA) to >98% at maturity in both resistant and susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy disease pressure in 2001 produced standard germination below 80% early in seed development.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seed developmente0
- Outcome
- standard germination (SG)e0
- Value
- <80%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“resulting in unacceptable standard germination (SG) (<80%) and seed vigor [<70% accelerated aging (AA) germination] early in seed development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy disease pressure in 2001 produced accelerated aging germination below 70% early in development.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed vigore0
- Value
- <70%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“seed vigor [<70% accelerated aging (AA) germination] early in seed development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide seed treatment improved standard germination in all cultivars, but it remained below 80%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- SGe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“Although fungicide seed treatment improved the SG of all cultivars, it still remained below acceptable commercial seed quality (80%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol was present at 5 to 25 mg kg −1 throughout seed development in all cultivars in 2001.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seed development and maturatione0
- Outcome
- Deoxynivalenole0
- Value
- 5 to 25 mg kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“Deoxynivalenol was present at significant levels (5 to 25 mg kg −1 ) throughout seed development and maturation in all cultivars in 2001.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant P25R18 had reduced DON levels compared with susceptible P2552.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- P25R18e0
- Outcome
- levels of DONe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- P2552e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“resistant cultivar P25R18 had reduced levels of DON and lower seed damage compared with susceptible P2552”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant P25R18 had lower seed damage than susceptible P2552.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“resistant cultivar P25R18 had reduced levels of DON and lower seed damage compared with susceptible P2552”
Claim · model-written summary
Type II resistance had no effect on seed infection or seed quality.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- SI and seed qualitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“resistance had no effect on SI and seed quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Type II resistance offers little benefit to seed producers during severe epidemics.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- little advantage to seed producers in reducing SI and improving seed qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seed Development”
e0“under severe disease pressure, Type II resistance offers little advantage to seed producers in reducing SI and improving seed quality during severe FHB epidemics.”
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See all 293 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.