Abstract
In two controlled experiments conducted in 1960 and 1961 respectively, the ability of recognized root pathogens to induce premature ripening ("deadheads") of wheat was compared with that of the barley yellow dwarf virus, a hitherto uninvestigated factor in this regard. In both experiments the heads of virus-infected plants ripened earlier than those of plants inoculated with fungal pathogens, and grain in heads which were not completely sterile was extremely shrivelled. However, it was impossible to decide by visual observation when normal ripening commenced. To overcome this difficulty a formula for the classification of prematurely ripened heads, on a weight per floret basis, was used for the statistical analysis of the results. On this quantitative basis it was found that the virus significantly reduced the yield of grain (l% level), but there was no interaction between the virus and any of the root-rot fungi. The fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, Kuehn, also significantly reduced the yield in both experiments (5% level) and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. caused a reduction (5% level) in the 1960 experiment. There was a significant interaction (5% level) between these fungi in the 1961 experiment. The fungi Ophiobolus graminis Sacc., Helminthosporium sativum Pamm., King & Bakke, and Curvularia ramosa (Bainer) Boed., did not significantly reduce grain yield in either experiment. All fungi were recovered, but to a varying degree, from the roots of inoculated plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yellow dwarf virus significantly reduced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt1 - Treatment
- viruse1
- Interactor
- Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Barley yellow dwarf virust0pathogen - Outcome
- yield of graine1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus”
t1“in wheat”
e1“the virus significantly reduced the yield of grain (l% level)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yellow dwarf virus and the root-rot fungi showed no interaction in their effect on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- viruse2
- Interactor
- root-rot fungie2pathogen
- Outcome
- interactione2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“in wheat”
e2“there was no interaction between the virus and any of the root-rot fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani significantly reduced wheat yield in both experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- Rhizoctonia solanie3
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie3pathogen - Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- 5% levele3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“in wheat”
e3“The fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, Kuehn, also significantly reduced the yield in both experiments (5% level)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium culmorum caused a reduction in wheat yield in the 1960 experiment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.e4
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume4pathogen - Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Qualifier
- 5% levele4
- Setting
- 1960 experimente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t1“in wheat”
e4“The fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, Kuehn, also significantly reduced the yield in both experiments (5% level) and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. caused a reduction (5% level) in the 1960 experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Heads of virus-infected wheat plants ripened earlier than heads of plants inoculated with fungal pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- virus-infected plantse0
- Interactor
- Barley Yellow Dwarf VirusBarley yellow dwarf virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- headse0
- Direction
- ripened earliere0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with fungal pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus”
t1“in wheat”
e0“the heads of virus-infected plants ripened earlier than those of plants inoculated with fungal pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain in heads of wheat that were not completely sterile was extremely shrivelled.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Outcome
- graine7
- Qualifier
- extremely shrivellede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“in wheat”
e7“grain in heads which were not completely sterile was extremely shrivelled”
Claim · model-written summary
All inoculated fungi were recovered from the roots of wheat plants, to a varying degree.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Outcome
- All fungi were recoverede6
- Qualifier
- to a varying degreee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“in wheat”
e6“All fungi were recovered, but to a varying degree, from the roots of inoculated plants”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizoctonia solani · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Fusarium culmorum · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.