Abstract
The spike of the main culm in winter wheat was examined by scanning electron microscopy from the double ridge to 6 days after the terminal spikelet stage to quantitatively evaluate the effects of shading and nitrogen supply at the spikelet phase on the numbers of spikelets and floret primordia, and the development of florets. Positional differences on a spike in grain setting at maturity were also investigated. Nitrogen supply affected neither the rate nor duration of spikelet initiation, the number of spikelets remaining unchanged. Although nitrogen supply positively affected the initiation and development of florets, it slightly reduced the grain weight per spike at maturity due to a decrease in the number of grains per spike and the reduced grain weight. These results suggested that under the field condition, nitrogen supply at the double ridge stage is too late to have a significant effect on the spikelet number, and might induce competition for nitrogen between the main culm and tillers, or induce mutual shading between plants, resulting in lighter grain weight per spike. Shading decreased the rate of spikelet initiation, resulting in a significant decrease in spikelet number. The initiation and the development of florets were also decreased by shading. Lower non -structural carbohydrate content at the terminal spikelet stage suggested that the limited assimilate supply by shading was likely responsible for the decreases in the initiation and development of spikelets and florets.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply did not change spikelet initiation rate or duration or spikelet number.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- rate nor duration of spikelet initiatione0
- Direction
- neithere0
- Qualifier
- number of spikelets remaining unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen supply affected neither the rate nor duration of spikelet initiation, the number of spikelets remaining unchanged.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply promoted floret initiation and development.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- initiation and development of floretse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen supply positively affected the initiation and development of florets”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply slightly reduced grain weight per spike at maturity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- at maturitye0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen supplyt0
- Outcome
- grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it slightly reduced the grain weight per spike at maturity due to a decrease in the number of grains per spike and the reduced grain weight”
t0“Wheat as Influenced by Shading and Nitrogen Supply at the Spikelet Phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply decreased grain number per spike.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Supplyt0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the number of grains per spike”
t0“Initiation and Development of Spikelets and Florets in Wheat as Influenced by Shading and Nitrogen Supply at the Spikelet Phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply reduced individual grain weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Supplyt0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduced grain weight”
t0“Initiation and Development of Spikelets and Florets in Wheat as Influenced by Shading and Nitrogen Supply at the Spikelet Phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased spikelet initiation rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- rate of spikelet initiatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading decreased the rate of spikelet initiation, resulting in a significant decrease in spikelet number.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly decreased spikelet number.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- spikelet numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading decreased the rate of spikelet initiation, resulting in a significant decrease in spikelet number.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased floret initiation and development.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- initiation and the development of floretse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initiation and the development of florets were also decreased by shading.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-structural carbohydrate content was lower at the terminal spikelet stage under shading.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal spikelet stagee0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- non -structural carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower non -structural carbohydrate content at the terminal spikelet stage suggested that the limited assimilate supply by shading was likely responsible”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested nitrogen at the double ridge stage is too late to materially change spikelet number under field conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supply at the double ridge stagee0
- Outcome
- too late to have a significant effect on the spikelet numbere0
- Setting
- field conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the field condition, nitrogen supply at the double ridge stage is too late to have a significant effect on the spikelet number”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested nitrogen competition or mutual shading may explain lighter grain weight per spike.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Supplyt0
- Outcome
- lighter grain weight per spikee0
- Qualifier
- competition for nitrogen between the main culm and tillers, or induce mutual shading between plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“might induce competition for nitrogen between the main culm and tillers, or induce mutual shading between plants, resulting in lighter grain weight per spike”
t0“Initiation and Development of Spikelets and Florets in Wheat as Influenced by Shading and Nitrogen Supply at the Spikelet Phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested shading limited assimilate supply, reducing spikelet and floret initiation and development.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- decreases in the initiation and development of spikelets and floretse0
- Qualifier
- limited assimilate supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the limited assimilate supply by shading was likely responsible for the decreases in the initiation and development of spikelets and florets”
t0“Wheat”
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