Abstract
Rice represents a major route of As exposure in populations that depend on a rice diet. Practical measures are needed to mitigate the problem of excessive As accumulation in paddy rice. Two potential mitigation methods, management of the water regime and Si fertilization, were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Growing rice aerobically during the entire rice growth duration resulted in the leastAs accumulation. Maintaining aerobic conditions during either vegetative or reproductive stage of rice growth also decreased As accumulation in rice straw and grain significantly compared with rice grown under flooded conditions. The effect of water management regimes was consistent with the observed effect of flooding-induced arsenite mobilization in the soil solution. Aerobic treatments increased the percentage of inorganic As in grain, but the concentrations of inorganic As remained lower than in the flooded rice. Silicon fertilization decreased the total As concentration in straw and grain by 78 and 16%, respectively, even though Si addition increased As concentration in the soil solution. Silicon also significantly influenced As speciation in rice grain and husk by enhancing methylation. Silicon decreased the inorganic As concentration in grain by 59% while increasing the concentration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) by 33%. There were also significant differences between two rice genotypes in grain As speciation. This study demonstrated that water management Si fertilization, and selection of rice cultivars are effective measures that can be used to reduce As accumulation in rice.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fully aerobic rice cultivation produced the least arsenic accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Growing rice aerobically during the entire rice growth duratione0
- Outcome
- leastAs accumulatione0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing rice aerobically during the entire rice growth duration resulted in the leastAs accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerobic conditions during the vegetative stage significantly reduced arsenic accumulation in rice straw and grain versus flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative or reproductive stagee0
- Treatment
- Maintaining aerobic conditions during either vegetative or reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- As accumulation in rice straw and graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- rice grown under flooded conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maintaining aerobic conditions during either vegetative or reproductive stage of rice growth also decreased As accumulation in rice straw and grain significantly compared with rice grown under flooded conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding mobilized arsenite in the soil solution.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- flooding-inducede0
- Outcome
- arsenite mobilization in the soil solutione0
- Direction
- mobilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“observed effect of flooding-induced arsenite mobilization in the soil solution”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerobic treatment raised the percentage of inorganic arsenic in rice grain.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Aerobic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage of inorganic As in graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aerobic treatments increased the percentage of inorganic As in grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite the higher percentage, aerobic grain had lower inorganic arsenic concentration than flooded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- concentrations of inorganic Ase0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- flooded ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of inorganic As remained lower than in the flooded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilization lowered total arsenic concentration in rice straw by 78%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicon fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- total As concentration in strawe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 78e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon fertilization decreased the total As concentration in straw and grain by 78 and 16%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilization lowered total arsenic concentration in rice grain by 16%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicon fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- total As concentration in straw and graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon fertilization decreased the total As concentration in straw and grain by 78 and 16%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon addition increased arsenic concentration in soil solution.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si additione0
- Outcome
- As concentration in the soil solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si addition increased As concentration in the soil solution”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly altered arsenic speciation in rice grain and husk by enhancing methylation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- As speciation in rice grain and huske0
- Qualifier
- by enhancing methylatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon also significantly influenced As speciation in rice grain and husk by enhancing methylation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon lowered inorganic arsenic concentration in rice grain by 59%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- inorganic As concentration in graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon decreased the inorganic As concentration in grain by 59%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased dimethylarsinic acid concentration by 33%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- concentration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon decreased the inorganic As concentration in grain by 59% while increasing the concentration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) by 33%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Two rice genotypes differed significantly in grain arsenic speciation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- two rice genotypese0
- Outcome
- grain As speciatione0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were also significant differences between two rice genotypes in grain As speciation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude water management, silicon fertilization and cultivar selection reduce rice arsenic accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- water management Si fertilization, and selection of rice cultivarse0
- Outcome
- reduce As accumulation in ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water management Si fertilization, and selection of rice cultivars are effective measures that can be used to reduce As accumulation in rice”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
163 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
173 papers more in this group
See all 177 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
989 papers more in this group
See all 993 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.