Abstract
Fruit extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) induces defense response through enhanced activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) along with isoenzymes of PPO and POX in tomato. The increase in PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POX by neem fruit extract were completely inhibited due to pre-treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Their activation was found to be time course-dependent. Synergistic enhancement of TAL activity by neem extract was observed when plants were pre-treated with cycloheximide, whereas similar observations were made for PPO activity by neem extract when plants were pre-treated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. These results suggest that the enhanced activities of defense enzymes and altered isoenzyme patterns of PPO and POX by neem extract was regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels which may contribute to the induction of defense responses in tomato.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Neem fruit extract enhanced PAL, TAL, PPO and POX activities and PPO and POX isoenzymes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Fruit extract of neeme0
- Interactor
- neem
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Azadirachta indicae0other - Outcome
- activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fruit extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) induces defense response through enhanced activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) along with isoenzymes of PPO and POX in tomato.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycin D pretreatment inhibited neem-induced PAL and POX activity and specific PPO and POX isoenzymes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment with actinomycin De0
- Outcome
- PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POXe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POX by neem fruit extract were completely inhibited due to pre-treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide.”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide pretreatment inhibited neem-induced PAL and POX activity and specific PPO and POX isoenzymes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POXe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POX by neem fruit extract were completely inhibited due to pre-treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide.”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense enzyme activation depended on time course.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Qualifier
- time course-dependente0
- Setting
- time course-dependente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their activation was found to be time course-dependent.”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide pretreatment synergistically enhanced TAL activity with neem extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pre-treated with cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- TAL activitye0
- Direction
- Synergistic enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic enhancement of TAL activity by neem extract was observed when plants were pre-treated with cycloheximide”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycin D pretreatment synergistically enhanced PPO activity with neem extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- actinomycin De0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar observations were made for PPO activity by neem extract when plants were pre-treated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide.”
e1“Synergistic enhancement of TAL activity by neem extract was observed”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide pretreatment synergistically enhanced PPO activity with neem extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar observations were made for PPO activity by neem extract when plants were pre-treated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide.”
e1“Synergistic enhancement of TAL activity by neem extract was observed”
t0“in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer transcriptional and translational regulation of neem-induced defense enzymes and isoenzyme patterns, potentially contributing to tomato defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- neem extracte0
- Outcome
- induction of defense responsese0
- Qualifier
- transcriptional and translational levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced activities of defense enzymes and altered isoenzyme patterns of PPO and POX by neem extract was regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels which may contribute to the induction of defense responses in tomato.”
The same questions in other papers
cycloheximide · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Azadirachta indica · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
actinomycin D · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cycloheximide · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.