Abstract
Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) growers often question the effect of delayed fall harvest on grain quality. Various studies have reported the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the quality of grain, but few have reported on date of harvest. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of harvest date, as well as planting density, hybrid, year, and their interactions on the quality of corn grain. Four hybrids were planted at 40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 plants/ha. Harvest dates were October 1, November 1, and December 1 each year of the 3‐year study (1969–71). Grain quality was measured by determining protein and oil content, 1,000‐kernel weight, test weight, and kernel hardness. Standard procedures were used for the first four variables and kernel hardness was determined on a Steinlite Model CK2 corn breakage tester. The only interactions to show significance were those of year with the other main effects. Protein content was not affected by delayed harvest, but did decline significantly with each 20,000 plant/ha increase in planting rate. Oil content varied more among hybrids (3.44 to 4.16%) than years (3.50 to 3.91%), and declined significantly as the harvest date was delayed (3.80 to 3.68%). Kernel weight and kernel breakage were closely related to the environment of the particular growing season. The range in 1,000‐kernel weight among years was 68 g, whereas the maximum differences among hybrids was 34 g. Kernel breakage, an indication of kernel hardness, increased as population was increased from 40,000 to 60,000 plants/ha. When harvest was delayed from October 1 to November 1 kernel breakage increased. This study showed that protein content was not affected by delayed harvest and that kernel breakage was more closely related to the seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions than to the treatments imposed. On the other hand, oil content showed a 0.12 percentage point decline as harvest was delayed. This decline, although significant, probably has little meaning from the milling point of view since the oil content of corn ranges from 4 to 5% of the whole kernel and not all the oil is extracted in the milling process. However, losses associated with delays in harvest as a result of increased stalk lodging and ear droppage were of greater significance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Only year interactions with main effects were significant.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The only interactions to show significance were those of year with the other main effects.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed harvest did not affect protein content.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- delayed harveste0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content was not affected by delayed harvest”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content declined significantly with each density increment of 20,000 plant/ha.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 20,000 plant/ha increase in planting ratee0
- Outcome
- Protein contente1
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did decline significantly with each 20,000 plant/ha increase in planting rate”
e1“Protein content was not affected by delayed harvest”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content varied more among hybrids than years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Outcome
- Oil contente0
- Direction
- varied moree0
- Value
- 3.44 to 4.16%e0
- Qualifier
- 3.50 to 3.91%e0
- Comparator
- yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil content varied more among hybrids (3.44 to 4.16%) than years (3.50 to 3.91%)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content declined significantly with delayed harvest.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- harvest date was delayede0
- Outcome
- Oil contente1
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 3.80 to 3.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“declined significantly as the harvest date was delayed (3.80 to 3.68%)”
e1“Oil content varied more among hybrids”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel weight and breakage were closely related to growing season environment.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Kernel weight and kernel breakagee0
- Setting
- environment of the particular growing seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel weight and kernel breakage were closely related to the environment of the particular growing season.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1,000-kernel weight range across years was 68 g.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- 1,000‐kernel weighte0
- Value
- 68 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The range in 1,000‐kernel weight among years was 68 g”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum difference in 1,000-kernel weight among hybrids was 34 g.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- 1,000‐kernel weighte1
- Value
- 34 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum differences among hybrids was 34 g”
e1“1,000‐kernel weight among years”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density from 40,000 to 60,000 plants/ha increased kernel breakage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- population was increased from 40,000 to 60,000 plants/hae0
- Outcome
- Kernel breakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel breakage, an indication of kernel hardness, increased as population was increased from 40,000 to 60,000 plants/ha.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying harvest from October 1 to November 1 increased kernel breakage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- harvest was delayed from October 1 to November 1e0
- Outcome
- kernel breakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When harvest was delayed from October 1 to November 1 kernel breakage increased.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest delay was associated with greater losses from stalk lodging and ear droppage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- delays in harveste0
- Outcome
- lossese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“losses associated with delays in harvest as a result of increased stalk lodging and ear droppage were of greater significance.”
t0“Corn”
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.