Abstract
The effects of reducing the amount of sunlight at the vegetative, reproductive, and maturation phases on the morphology, grain yield, and chemical composition was determined for two corn hybrids. The shade treatments exerted significant reductions inall components measured except those established prior to initiation of treatment. Shading for 21 days during the reproductive phase was more detrimental to grain production per plant than shading for longer periods during vegetative and maturation phases. When shaded at 60, 70, and 80% during the vegetative or reproductive phase, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 produced more grain per plant than WF9 ✕ C103, while the reverse was true during the maturation phase. The hybrids exhibited a differential response to shade treatments only during the vegetative phase. With respect to number of kernels and grain yield, shading during the vegetative phase was more detrimental to WF9 ✕ C103 than Hy2 ✕ Oh41 while the reverse was true during the reproductive phase. During maturation the reduction in grain protein was not proportionally as great as the reduction in grain yield for both hybrids. Extensive vegetative growth during the first 54 days was not a prerequisite for a high grain yield per plant. These observations provide an explanation for the frequent failure of starter fertilizers to enhance grain yield and suggest management practices that might produce higher yields. Plants shaded at 60% or higher during the reproductive phase had a full complement of normal leaves, but initiated and developed only a limited number of kernels. Weight per kernel and stover weight per plant at the end of the season were less than that of the control plant. Since these leaves were exposed to full sunlight from August 8 to the end of the season, they must have been essentially nonoperative during this period.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Shade treatments significantly reduced all measured components of corn except those established before treatment began.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- The shade treatmentse0
- Outcome
- all components measurede0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“The shade treatments exerted significant reductions inall components measured except those established prior to initiation of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading for 21 days in the reproductive phase reduced grain production per plant more than longer shading in the vegetative or maturation phases.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Shading for 21 days during the reproductive phasee0
- Outcome
- grain production per plante0
- Direction
- more detrimentale0
- Comparator
- shading for longer periods during vegetative and maturation phasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Shading for 21 days during the reproductive phase was more detrimental to grain production per plant than shading for longer periods during vegetative and maturation phases”
Claim · model-written summary
When shaded at 60, 70 and 80% in the vegetative or reproductive phase, Hy2 x Oh41 produced more grain per plant than WF9 x C103.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Hy2 ✕ Oh41e0
- Outcome
- grain per plante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- shaded at 60, 70, and 80% during the vegetative or reproductive phasee0
- Comparator
- WF9 ✕ C103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“When shaded at 60, 70, and 80% during the vegetative or reproductive phase, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 produced more grain per plant than WF9 ✕ C103, while the reverse was true during the maturation phase”
Claim · model-written summary
When shaded in the maturation phase, WF9 x C103 produced more grain per plant than Hy2 x Oh41.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- WF9 ✕ C103e0
- Outcome
- grain per plante0
- Direction
- the reversee0
- Qualifier
- during the maturation phasee0
- Comparator
- Hy2 ✕ Oh41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“When shaded at 60, 70, and 80% during the vegetative or reproductive phase, Hy2 ✕ Oh41 produced more grain per plant than WF9 ✕ C103, while the reverse was true during the maturation phase”
Claim · model-written summary
The two hybrids differed in their response to shade only during the vegetative phase.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- differential response to shade treatmentse0
- Qualifier
- only during the vegetative phasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“The hybrids exhibited a differential response to shade treatments only during the vegetative phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading in the vegetative phase reduced kernel number and grain yield more in WF9 x C103 than in Hy2 x Oh41.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- WF9 ✕ C103e0
- Treatment
- shading during the vegetative phasee0
- Outcome
- number of kernels and grain yielde0
- Direction
- more detrimentale0
- Comparator
- Hy2 ✕ Oh41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“With respect to number of kernels and grain yield, shading during the vegetative phase was more detrimental to WF9 ✕ C103 than Hy2 ✕ Oh41 while the reverse was true during the reproductive phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading in the reproductive phase reduced kernel number and grain yield more in Hy2 x Oh41 than in WF9 x C103.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Hy2 ✕ Oh41e0
- Treatment
- during the reproductive phasee0
- Outcome
- number of kernels and grain yielde0
- Direction
- the reversee0
- Comparator
- WF9 ✕ C103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“With respect to number of kernels and grain yield, shading during the vegetative phase was more detrimental to WF9 ✕ C103 than Hy2 ✕ Oh41 while the reverse was true during the reproductive phase”
Claim · model-written summary
During maturation, shading reduced grain protein proportionally less than grain yield in both hybrids.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- During maturatione0
- Outcome
- grain proteine0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“During maturation the reduction in grain protein was not proportionally as great as the reduction in grain yield for both hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Extensive vegetative growth in the first 54 days was not a prerequisite for high grain yield per plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- high grain yield per plante0
- Qualifier
- Extensive vegetative growth during the first 54 days was not a prerequisitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Extensive vegetative growth during the first 54 days was not a prerequisite for a high grain yield per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants shaded at 60% or more in the reproductive phase kept normal leaves but initiated and developed only a limited number of kernels.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- shaded at 60% or higher during the reproductive phasee0
- Outcome
- limited number of kernelse0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Plants shaded at 60% or higher during the reproductive phase had a full complement of normal leaves, but initiated and developed only a limited number of kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
At the end of the season weight per kernel and stover weight per plant of shaded plants were lower than the control plant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Weight per kernel and stover weight per plante0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- the control plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays L.)”
e0“Weight per kernel and stover weight per plant at the end of the season were less than that of the control plant”
The same questions in other papers
shade · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
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See all 53 papers →stage · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.