Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the uptake of nutrients that move mainly by mass flow. The objective of this study was to assess the possible contribution of indigenous AM fungi to the K, Ca and Mg nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by soil P levels and its impact on plant dry mass. The field experiment had a split plot design with four replicates. Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation) and three levels of P fertilization (0, 60 and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) in a loamy sand soil in 1997 and a fine sandy loam soil in 1998. Soil fumigati on with Basamid ® was used to suppress indigenous AM fungi. Plants were sampled at four different growth stages (6-leaf stage, 10-leaf stage, tasseling and silking). Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times. When no P fertilizer was added, fumigation in the loamy sand soil reduced shoot K and Ca concentrations while, in contrast, in the fine sandy loam soil only Mg concentration was reduced by soil fumigation. The concentration of K in maize shoots was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils. The correlation between the abundance of extraradicular hyphae and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shoots was significant only for soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P. These results indicate that the contribution of mycorrhizae to maize K, Ca and Mg nutrition can be significant in a field situation and that the extent of this contribution depends on the availability of these nutrients and of P in soils. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil fumigation, extraradicular hyphae, uptake of K, Ca, and Mg, soil P levels, maize
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation to suppress AM fungi decreased maize shoot dry weight compared with non-fumigated soil.
- Treatment
- soil fumigatione1
- Interactor
- indigenous AM fungie3symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- non-fumigatione2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times”
e2“Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation)”
e3“was used to suppress indigenous AM fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization increased maize shoot dry weight at most sampling times.
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at most sampling timese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation without P fertilizer reduced maize shoot K and Ca concentrations in the loamy sand soil.
- Treatment
- fumigatione1
- Outcome
- shoot K and Ca concentrationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- When no P fertilizer was addede1
- Comparator
- non-fumigatione2
- Setting
- loamy sand soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“When no P fertilizer was added, fumigation in the loamy sand soil reduced shoot K and Ca concentrations”
e2“Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation reduced maize shoot Mg concentration in the fine sandy loam soil.
- Treatment
- soil fumigatione1
- Outcome
- Mg concentratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- non-fumigatione2
- Setting
- fine sandy loam soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“in the fine sandy loam soil only Mg concentration was reduced by soil fumigation”
e2“Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot K concentration in maize was positively correlated with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils.
- Outcome
- concentration of K in maize shootse1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
- Qualifier
- P < 0.05e1
- Setting
- both soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“The concentration of K in maize shoots was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Extraradicular hyphae correlated with Ca and Mg concentrations in maize shoots only in soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low.
- Interactor
- extraradicular hyphaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shootse1
- Qualifier
- soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively lowe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“The correlation between the abundance of extraradicular hyphae and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shoots was significant only for soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P.
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptakee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- soil low in these elements and low in Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P”
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