Abstract
Introduction. Kinnow is an important citrus crop grown in India, which suffers from several postharvest diseases during storage. Hence, an attempt was made to combat such diseases with the botanicals Aloe vera, Eucalyptus and Ocimum on Kinnow mandarin to prolong its availability for a longer time. Materials and methods. For this, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. The poisoned food technique was used for in vitro studies, and, for in vivo studies, Kinnow fruit were pre-inoculated with pathogens (Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum), treated with different botanicals, then stored at (5 ± 1) °C temperature and 85–90% RH. Results and discussion. Our results indicated that all botanicals inhibited the growth (colony diameter) of both pathogens over untreated PDA plates, but the inhibition was the strongest by Aloe vera extracts. Similarly, under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced the decay incidence, decay loss, lesion diameter, respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weight, but Aloe vera was the most effective. All the botanicals were able to retain postharvest quality of Kinnow fruits without any adverse effect on quality parameters such as TSS, TA and ascorbic acid. Under in vivo conditions, the incidence of Penicillium italicum was higher than P. digitatum; however, it was the reverse under in vitro conditions. Conclusion. Thus, it is evident from our studies that botanicals have the potential to control green and blue mold without causing any injury or harmful effects on Kinnow mandarin; botanicals can be recommended as a safe method for extending its storage life while maintaining fruit quality at the same time.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All botanicals inhibited the colony growth of both Penicillium pathogens compared with untreated PDA plates in vitro.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- all botanicalse2
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium digitatume3pathogen - Second interactor
- P. italicum
Penicillium italicume3pathogen - Outcome
- growth (colony diameter) of both pathogense2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Comparator
- untreated PDA platese2
- Setting
- in vitroe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“all botanicals inhibited the growth (colony diameter) of both pathogens over untreated PDA plates”
e3“pre-inoculated with pathogens (Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum)”
e4“The poisoned food technique was used for in vitro studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera extracts inhibited the growth of both Penicillium pathogens most strongly among the botanicals.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- Aloe vera extractse2
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. italicumPenicillium italicume4pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- the strongeste2
- Comparator
- all botanicalse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“the inhibition was the strongest by Aloe vera extracts”
e3“all botanicals inhibited the growth (colony diameter) of both pathogens over untreated PDA plates”
e4“pre-inoculated with pathogens (Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced decay incidence, decay loss and lesion diameter of pre-inoculated Kinnow fruit.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- all botanicalse2
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. italicumPenicillium italicume3pathogen
- Outcome
- decay incidence, decay loss, lesion diametere2
- Setting
- in vivo conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced the decay incidence, decay loss, lesion diameter, respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weight”
e3“pre-inoculated with pathogens (Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weight of Kinnow fruit.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- all botanicalse2
- Outcome
- respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weighte2
- Setting
- in vivo conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced the decay incidence, decay loss, lesion diameter, respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Aloe vera was the most effective botanical in vivo on Kinnow fruit.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“but Aloe vera was the most effective”
e3“all botanicals inhibited the growth (colony diameter) of both pathogens over untreated PDA plates”
Claim · model-written summary
All botanicals were able to retain postharvest quality of Kinnow fruit without adverse effects on TSS, TA and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Treatment
- botanicalse2
- Outcome
- quality parameters such as TSS, TA and ascorbic acide2
- Direction
- able to retaine2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“All the botanicals were able to retain postharvest quality of Kinnow fruits without any adverse effect on quality parameters such as TSS, TA and ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Under in vivo conditions, the incidence of Penicillium italicum was higher than that of P. digitatum.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Interactor
- Penicillium italicumPenicillium italicume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume2pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of Penicillium italicume2
- Direction
- highere2
- Setting
- in vivo conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“Under in vivo conditions, the incidence of Penicillium italicum was higher than P. digitatum; however, it was the reverse under in vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The ranking of pathogen incidence was reversed under in vitro conditions.
- Taxon
- Kinnow mandarint0
- Interactor
- Penicillium italicumPenicillium italicume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume2pathogen
- Outcome
- incidencee2
- Direction
- the reversee2
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“Under in vivo conditions, the incidence of Penicillium italicum was higher than P. digitatum; however, it was the reverse under in vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Botanicals can be recommended as a safe method for extending the storage life of Kinnow mandarin.
Verbatim
t0“postharvest pathogens of Kinnow mandarin”
e2“botanicals can be recommended as a safe method for extending its storage life while maintaining fruit quality at the same time”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.