Abstract
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three soluble zinc (Zn) fertilizers on cadmium (Cd) concentrations in two genotypes of maize (Zea mays): Jidan 209 and Changdan 374. Zinc fertilizers were added to soil at four levels: 0, 80, 160, and 240 mg kg−1 soil as nitrate [Zn(NO3)2], chloride (ZnCl2), and sulfate (ZnSO4). Cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO3)2] was added to all the treatments at a uniform rate equivalent to 10 mg kg−1 soil. The biomass of maize plants was increased with the application of three zinc fertilizers, of which Zn(NO3)2 yielded more than others. Under ZnCl2 treatment, plant growth was promoted at the lower level and depressed at the higher one. All the three fertilizers decreased Cd concentration in shoots in comparison with treatments without Zn, but there were variations with different forms, especially in plants treated with Zn(NO3)2, which had the minimal value. The orders of average Cd concentration in shoots with different zinc fertilizers were ZnSO4>ZnCl2>Zn(NO3)2 for Jidan 209 and ZnCl2>ZnSO4>Zn(NO3)2 for Changdan 374, respectively (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 treatments. The lowest Cd concentration in shoots was found in the 80‐mg‐kg−1 soil or 160‐mg‐kg−1 soil treatment. Cadmium concentration in roots in the presence of ZnCl2 was the lowest and under ZnSO4 the highest. The mechanism involved needs to be studied to elucidate the characteristics of complexation of Cl− and SO4 2− with Cd in plants and their influence on transfer from roots to shoots. Keywords: Cadmiumcomplexationmaizezinc fertilizers Acknowledgments This project was financially supported by Key Project of Knowledge Innovation Program, Chinese Academic of Sciences (KZCX1‐SW‐19). We are thankful to Huimin Zhang (Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS) for her corrections in to the English text.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The three zinc fertilizers increased maize biomass.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of maize plants was increased with the application of three zinc fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn(NO3)2 produced more maize biomass than other zinc fertilizers.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn(NO3)2 yielded more than others”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low level ZnCl2 promoted maize growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under ZnCl2 treatment, plant growth was promoted at the lower level and depressed at the higher one.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
High level ZnCl2 depressed maize growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under ZnCl2 treatment, plant growth was promoted at the lower level and depressed at the higher one.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All three zinc fertilizers decreased shoot cadmium concentration relative to no zinc.
- Treatment
- three fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- treatments without Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the three fertilizers decreased Cd concentration in shoots in comparison with treatments without Zn”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn(NO3)2 gave the minimum shoot cadmium concentration among fertilizer forms.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“especially in plants treated with Zn(NO3)2, which had the minimal value.”
e1“All the three fertilizers decreased Cd concentration in shoots”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
For Jidan 209, average shoot cadmium ranked ZnSO4>ZnCl2>Zn(NO3)2.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The orders of average Cd concentration in shoots with different zinc fertilizers were ZnSO4>ZnCl2>Zn(NO3)2 for Jidan 209 and ZnCl2>ZnSO4>Zn(NO3)2 for Changdan 374, respectively (P<0.001).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
For Changdan 374, average shoot cadmium ranked ZnCl2>ZnSO4>Zn(NO3)2.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The orders of average Cd concentration in shoots with different zinc fertilizers were ZnSO4>ZnCl2>Zn(NO3)2 for Jidan 209 and ZnCl2>ZnSO4>Zn(NO3)2 for Changdan 374, respectively (P<0.001).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 treatments did not differ significantly in shoot cadmium concentration.
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shootse1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- ZnCl2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference between ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 treatments.”
e1“All the three fertilizers decreased Cd concentration in shoots”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest shoot cadmium concentration occurred at 80 or 160 mg kg−1 soil zinc treatment.
- Treatment
- 80‐mg‐kg−1 soil or 160‐mg‐kg−1 soil treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest Cd concentration in shoots was found in the 80‐mg‐kg−1 soil or 160‐mg‐kg−1 soil treatment.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cadmium was lowest with ZnCl2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium concentration in roots in the presence of ZnCl2 was the lowest and under ZnSO4 the highest.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cadmium was highest with ZnSO4.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium concentration in roots in the presence of ZnCl2 was the lowest and under ZnSO4 the highest.”
t0“Maize”
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