Abstract
Abstract Efforts to assess the effect of acid rain on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have shown variable results. Simulated acid rain has been reported to cause increases, decreases, and no significant effect on yield. Although few parameters were identical among the diverse studies reported in the literature, one common difference was the choice of cultivar. In this study, 20 soybean cultivars were screened to determine their relative sensitivity to simulated acid rain. Soybean was grown in 1984, 1985, and 1986 in field plots in east central Illinois. Plots were protected from ambient rain and treated twice weekly with simulated rain of pH 5.6 (control) or pH 3.0. Early in each growing season visible leaf injury was noted for all 20 cultivars, and level of injury was significantly higher for plants receiving the more acidic treatment (pH 3.0). Average yield for the 20 cultivars was approximately the same when plants were treated with simulated rain of pH 3.0 as when plants were treated with stimulated rain of pH 5.6. Over all 3 yr, the group V cultivars Essex and Forrest yielded more grain and had more chaff dry matter, pods per hectare, and pods per plant with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment. Only ‘Williams 82’ yielded significantly less with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment. The results suggest soybean cultivars may respond differently to applications of highly acidified rainfall, but none of the cultivars tested were extremely sensitive to growth and yield reduction.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
pH 3.0 simulated rain caused significantly more visible leaf injury than pH 5.6 rain across the cultivars.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- 20 cultivarse0
- Treatment
- pH 3.0e0
- Outcome
- visible leaf injurye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- pH 5.6 (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“visible leaf injury was noted for all 20 cultivars, and level of injury was significantly higher for plants receiving the more acidic treatment (pH 3.0)”
e1“simulated rain of pH 5.6 (control) or pH 3.0”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield across 20 cultivars was approximately the same under pH 3.0 and pH 5.6 rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- simulated rain of pH 3.0e0
- Outcome
- Average yielde0
- Direction
- approximately the samee0
- Comparator
- stimulated rain of pH 5.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Average yield for the 20 cultivars was approximately the same when plants were treated with simulated rain of pH 3.0 as when plants were treated with stimulated rain of pH 5.6”
Claim · model-written summary
Essex and Forrest had more grain with acidic rain than control rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essex and Forreste0
- Treatment
- the more acidic pH treatmente0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the group V cultivars Essex and Forrest yielded more grain and had more chaff dry matter, pods per hectare, and pods per plant with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Essex and Forrest had more chaff dry matter with acidic rain than control rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essex and Forreste0
- Treatment
- the more acidic pH treatmente0
- Outcome
- chaff dry mattere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the group V cultivars Essex and Forrest yielded more grain and had more chaff dry matter, pods per hectare, and pods per plant with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Essex and Forrest had more pods per hectare with acidic rain than control rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essex and Forreste0
- Treatment
- the more acidic pH treatmente0
- Outcome
- pods per hectaree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the group V cultivars Essex and Forrest yielded more grain and had more chaff dry matter, pods per hectare, and pods per plant with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Essex and Forrest had more pods per plant with acidic rain than control rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Essex and Forreste0
- Treatment
- the more acidic pH treatmente0
- Outcome
- pods per plante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the group V cultivars Essex and Forrest yielded more grain and had more chaff dry matter, pods per hectare, and pods per plant with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 yielded significantly less with acidic rain than control rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williams 82e0
- Treatment
- the more acidic pH treatmente0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“‘Williams 82’ yielded significantly less with the more acidic pH treatment than with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that soybean cultivars may respond differently to highly acidified rain.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- applications of highly acidified rainfalle0
- Outcome
- respond differentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“soybean cultivars may respond differently to applications of highly acidified rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude none of the tested cultivars were extremely sensitive to growth and yield reduction.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- growth and yield reductione0
- Direction
- nonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“none of the cultivars tested were extremely sensitive to growth and yield reduction”
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.