Abstract
Abstract Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields. However, results have been inconsistent and in some cases severe yield depressions have occurred. The purpose of this study was to evaluate NPKS sources, rates of application, and frequency of application along with micronutrients, a fungicide, and a growth regulator on soybean seed yield, seed weight, and seed composition over several soybean genotypes and experimental locations during a 3‐year period. In 16 cultivar‐location‐year trials, soybean seed yields were increased significantly by the foliar fertilizer treatments over the control only once. Generally, yields were decreased when urea‐ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were substituted for urea and K‐polyphosphate in the basic NPKS formulation (24 + 2.4 + 7.2 + 1.2 kg/ha N + P + K + S). A positive relationship between leaf injury and yield depression by the various materials was noted; especially when the materials were applied during midday rather than in the early morning or late afternoon hours. The inclusion of micronutrients, a fungicide (Benlate), a growth regulator (Regime 8), or commercially available liquid fertilizers did not increase yields significantly. Seed weights were generally decreased with many of the foliar fertilizers and with the growth regulator. Seed N percentage and protein were increased and seed oil percentage decreased with four applications of the base NPKS formulation. These data indicate that further basic research is needed before the practice of foliar fertilization can be recommended.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizer treatments significantly increased soybean seed yield over the control in only one of 16 trials.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- foliar fertilizer treatmentse1
- Outcome
- soybean seed yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- only oncee1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e1“soybean seed yields were increased significantly by the foliar fertilizer treatments over the control only once”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields were decreased when APP was substituted for urea in the basic NPKS formulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e2“Generally, yields were decreased when”
e3“(APP) were substituted for urea”
Claim · model-written summary
A positive relationship was found between leaf injury and yield depression across the foliar materials.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- various materialse3
- Outcome
- yield depressione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e3“A positive relationship between leaf injury and yield depression by the various materials was noted; especially when the materials were applied during midday rather than in the early morning or late afternoon hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar materials applied during midday caused more leaf injury than when applied in the early morning or late afternoon.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- applied during middaye3
- Outcome
- leaf injurye3
- Comparator
- early morning or late afternoon hourse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e3“A positive relationship between leaf injury and yield depression by the various materials was noted; especially when the materials were applied during midday rather than in the early morning or late afternoon hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients, a fungicide, a growth regulator or liquid fertilizers did not increase soybean yields significantly.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- micronutrientse4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- did not increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e4“The inclusion of micronutrients, a fungicide (Benlate), a growth regulator (Regime 8), or commercially available liquid fertilizers did not increase yields significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weights were decreased by many foliar fertilizers and by the growth regulator.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizerse5
- Outcome
- Seed weightse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e5“Seed weights were generally decreased with many of the foliar fertilizers and with the growth regulator”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed N percentage and protein increased with four applications of the base NPKS formulation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- four applications of the base NPKS formulatione6
- Outcome
- Seed N percentage and proteine6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e6“Seed N percentage and protein were increased and seed oil percentage decreased with four applications of the base NPKS formulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil percentage decreased with four applications of the base NPKS formulation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- four applications of the base NPKS formulatione6
- Outcome
- seed oil percentagee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e6“Seed N percentage and protein were increased and seed oil percentage decreased with four applications of the base NPKS formulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that further basic research is needed before foliar fertilization can be recommended.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- practice of foliar fertilizatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of fertilizer NPKS to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during the podfill stages of growth have been shown to increase yields”
e7“These data indicate that further basic research is needed before the practice of foliar fertilization can be recommended”
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See all 1,192 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.