Abstract
Growers commonly mix foliar fertilizers with postemergence (POST) herbicides to reduce application costs and/or to decrease soybean injury. Field studies conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Stoneville, MS, evaluated the impact on weed control and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) injury, growth, and yield when combining a blended foliar fertilizer with POST herbicide applications. Herbicide treatments included no herbicide and glyphosate alone and in combination with S-metolachlor, fomesafen, or lactofen. The blended foliar fertilizer was applied at 0, 0.39, and 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. In the Weed Control Study, 14 antagonistic effects at various evaluations were detected on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) control 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment (DAT) when a blended foliar fertilizer at 0.39 or 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1 was mixed with glyphosate alone or combined with S-metolachlor, fomesafen, or lactofen. Of the 14 total effects, nine were detected with foliar fertilizer at the higher rate of 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Seven antagonistic effects were detected for both weed species regardless of herbicide treatment or foliar fertilizer rate. The only treatment combination in which an antagonistic effect was not detected was glyphosate plus lactofen plus foliar fertilizer at 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Blended foliar fertilizer did not influence soybean injury. In the Agronomic Study, blended foliar fertilizer did not impact soybean injury, height, dry wt., nutrient conc., or yield. Foliar fertilizer in combination with POST soybean herbicides did not reduce soybean injury and produced inconsistent effects on weed control across herbicide treatments and between weed species.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-herbicide mixtures produced 14 antagonistic weed-control effects.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- blended foliar fertilizer at 0.39 or 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats)
Amaranthus palmerie0weed - Second interactor
- barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.)
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) controle0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
- Value
- 14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 antagonistic effects at various evaluations were detected on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) control 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment (DAT) when a blended foliar fertilizer at 0.39 or 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1 was mixed with glyphosate alone or combined with S-metolachlor, fomesafen, or lactofen”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine antagonistic effects occurred with the higher fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizer at the higher rate of 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1e0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the 14 total effects, nine were detected with foliar fertilizer at the higher rate of 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven antagonistic effects were detected for both weed species across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- antagonistic effectse0
- Value
- Sevene0
- Qualifier
- regardless of herbicide treatment or foliar fertilizer ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven antagonistic effects were detected for both weed species regardless of herbicide treatment or foliar fertilizer rate”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus lactofen with high-rate fertilizer showed no antagonistic weed-control effect.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate plus lactofen plus foliar fertilizer at 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1e0
- Outcome
- antagonistic effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The only treatment combination in which an antagonistic effect was not detected was glyphosate plus lactofen plus foliar fertilizer at 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended foliar fertilizer did not affect soybean injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Blended foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blended foliar fertilizer did not influence soybean injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended foliar fertilizer did not affect soybean height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- blended foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- height, dry wt.e0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blended foliar fertilizer did not impact soybean injury, height, dry wt., nutrient conc., or yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended foliar fertilizer did not affect soybean nutrient concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- blended foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nutrient conc.e0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blended foliar fertilizer did not impact soybean injury, height, dry wt., nutrient conc., or yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended foliar fertilizer did not affect soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- blended foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blended foliar fertilizer did not impact soybean injury, height, dry wt., nutrient conc., or yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer mixed with postemergence herbicides did not reduce soybean injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizer in combination with POST soybean herbicidese0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar fertilizer in combination with POST soybean herbicides did not reduce soybean injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-herbicide mixtures had inconsistent weed-control effects across herbicides and weed species.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Qualifier
- across herbicide treatments and between weed speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“produced inconsistent effects on weed control across herbicide treatments and between weed species”
t0“Soybean”
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See all 418 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.