Abstract
Summary: Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) was controlled by 2 kg/ha of metoxuron in glasshouse trials while winter wheat, cultivar Cappelle Desprez, tolerated 4 kg/ha. Blackgrass was controlled by 1.2 kg/ha of chlortoluron. Winter wheat previously damaged by freezing was injured by 2.5 kg/ha of chlortoluron applied at an early stage. Seedlings not exposed to freezing were not damaged by 2.5 kg/ha applied at the 4‐ and 5‐leaf stage. Breakdown of chlortoluron and metoxuron in the soil was attributed, in part, to microbial action. More than one‐third of the chlortoluron applied at 2 kg/ha disappeared in 6 weeks when applied in early spring while one half disappeared in 3 weeks when applied 2 months later. The bioassay, used to determine the amount of chlortoluron or metoxuron in the soil, was found to be adequate for metoxuron in only one of three soils. The bioassay results, for both herbicides, were affected by the addition of calcium carbonate to the soil, by sterilization of the soil, and by leaching. In comparisons of results in two sandy loams and a clay loam, the observed differences could not be altogether accounted for by differences in pH nor by changes in adsorption of metoxuron. When perennial ryegrass was grown in sandy loam, and treated with metoxuron before or after emergence, different watering regimes did not give any difference in weight of top growth.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Metoxuron at 2 kg/ha controlled blackgrass in glasshouse trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 2 kg/ha of metoxurone0
- Interactor
- Alopecurus myosuroides
Alopecurus myosuroidese0weed - Outcome
- Blackgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Setting
- glasshouse trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) was controlled by 2 kg/ha of metoxuron in glasshouse trials while winter wheat, cultivar Cappelle Desprez, tolerated 4 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat cultivar Cappelle Desprez tolerated metoxuron at 4 kg/ha in glasshouse trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Cappelle Despreze0
- Treatment
- 4 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- toleratede0
- Setting
- glasshouse trialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) was controlled by 2 kg/ha of metoxuron in glasshouse trials while winter wheat, cultivar Cappelle Desprez, tolerated 4 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlortoluron at 1.2 kg/ha controlled blackgrass.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1.2 kg/ha of chlortolurone1
- Interactor
- BlackgrassAlopecurus myosuroidese1weed
- Outcome
- Blackgrasse1
- Direction
- controllede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Blackgrass was controlled by 1.2 kg/ha of chlortoluron”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat previously damaged by freezing was injured by 2.5 kg/ha of chlortoluron applied at an early stage.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg/ha of chlortolurone2
- Outcome
- injurede2
- Qualifier
- previously damaged by freezinge2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Winter wheat previously damaged by freezing was injured by 2.5 kg/ha of chlortoluron applied at an early stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat seedlings not exposed to freezing were not damaged by 2.5 kg/ha chlortoluron at the 4- and 5-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- 4‐ and 5‐leaf stagee3
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg/hae3
- Outcome
- damagede3
- Qualifier
- not exposed to freezinge3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e3“Seedlings not exposed to freezing were not damaged by 2.5 kg/ha applied at the 4‐ and 5‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Breakdown of chlortoluron and metoxuron in the soil was attributed in part to microbial action.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Breakdown of chlortoluron and metoxuron in the soile4
- Qualifier
- microbial actione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e4“Breakdown of chlortoluron and metoxuron in the soil was attributed, in part, to microbial action”
Claim · model-written summary
More than one‐third of chlortoluron applied at 2 kg/ha in early spring disappeared in 6 weeks.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- applied in early springe5
- Outcome
- More than one‐third of the chlortolurone5
- Direction
- disappearede5
- Qualifier
- 6 weekse5
- Comparator
- applied 2 months latere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e5“More than one‐third of the chlortoluron applied at 2 kg/ha disappeared in 6 weeks when applied in early spring while one half disappeared in 3 weeks when applied 2 months later”
Claim · model-written summary
One half of chlortoluron applied 2 months later disappeared in 3 weeks.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- applied 2 months latere5
- Outcome
- one halfe5
- Direction
- disappearede5
- Qualifier
- 3 weekse5
- Comparator
- applied in early springe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e5“More than one‐third of the chlortoluron applied at 2 kg/ha disappeared in 6 weeks when applied in early spring while one half disappeared in 3 weeks when applied 2 months later”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioassay was adequate for metoxuron in only one of three soils.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- adequate for metoxurone6
- Value
- only one of three soilse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e6“The bioassay, used to determine the amount of chlortoluron or metoxuron in the soil, was found to be adequate for metoxuron in only one of three soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate addition, sterilization and leaching affected the bioassay results for both herbicides.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the addition of calcium carbonate to the soil, by sterilization of the soil, and by leachinge7
- Outcome
- bioassay resultse7
- Direction
- affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e7“The bioassay results, for both herbicides, were affected by the addition of calcium carbonate to the soil, by sterilization of the soil, and by leaching”
Claim · model-written summary
The observed differences between soils could not be altogether accounted for by differences in pH or by changes in adsorption of metoxuron.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- the observed differencese0
- Qualifier
- could not be altogether accounted for by differences in pH nor by changes in adsorption of metoxurone0
- Setting
- two sandy loams and a clay loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“In comparisons of results in two sandy loams and a clay loam, the observed differences could not be altogether accounted for by differences in pH nor by changes in adsorption of metoxuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Different watering regimes did not change top growth weight of perennial ryegrass grown in sandy loam and treated with metoxuron before or after emergence.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- different watering regimese0
- Outcome
- weight of top growthe0
- Direction
- did not give any differencee0
- Qualifier
- treated with metoxuron before or after emergencee0
- Setting
- sandy loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When perennial ryegrass was grown in sandy loam, and treated with metoxuron before or after emergence, different watering regimes did not give any difference in weight of top growth”
The same questions in other papers
chlorotoluron · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
irrigation · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.