Abstract
Thinning trials were carried out with various chemical compounds on Golden Delicious and Granny Smith apple trees over a period of three years in the Elgin area in the western Cape. The scorching agents dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,-6-dinitrophenol) and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) caused over-thinning and excessive russeting while ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) gave erratic results. Application of 1-naphtylacetic acid (NAA) plus 6-benzyladenine/gibberellins (GA 4/7) as a tank mix on Golden Delicious, 18 days after full bloom, gave the best results with respect to fruit size, production and gross income. Naphtylacetamide (NAD) with and without GA 4/7, resulted in smaller fruit and did not improve yields over the three-year period when compared with a hand-thinned control. A carbaryl (1-naphtyl-N-methylcarbamate) spray on Granny Smith 18 days after bloom resulted in the same fruit size but an increase in gross income of 40% when compared with the hand-thinned control, while trees sprayed with ethephon and NAA did not produce fruit of an acceptable size.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dinoseb caused over-thinning and excessive russeting in apple.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- dinosebe0
- Outcome
- over-thinning and excessive russetinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The scorching agents dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,-6-dinitrophenol) and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) caused over-thinning and excessive russeting”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat caused over-thinning and excessive russeting in apple.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- over-thinning and excessive russetinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The scorching agents dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,-6-dinitrophenol) and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) caused over-thinning and excessive russeting”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon gave erratic thinning results.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- erratic resultse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) gave erratic results”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus GA 4/7 gave the best Golden Delicious fruit-size results.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- 1-naphtylacetic acid (NAA) plus 6-benzyladenine/gibberellins (GA 4/7) as a tank mixe0
- Outcome
- fruit size, production and gross incomee0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- 18 days after full bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 1-naphtylacetic acid (NAA) plus 6-benzyladenine/gibberellins (GA 4/7) as a tank mix on Golden Delicious, 18 days after full bloom, gave the best results with respect to fruit size, production and gross income”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD with or without GA 4/7 gave smaller fruit than hand thinning.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Naphtylacetamide (NAD) with and without GA 4/7e0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- hand-thinned controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Naphtylacetamide (NAD) with and without GA 4/7, resulted in smaller fruit and did not improve yields over the three-year period when compared with a hand-thinned control”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD with or without GA 4/7 did not improve apple yields over three years.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Naphtylacetamide (NAD) with and without GA 4/7e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- three-year periode0
- Comparator
- hand-thinned controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Naphtylacetamide (NAD) with and without GA 4/7, resulted in smaller fruit and did not improve yields over the three-year period when compared with a hand-thinned control”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl gave Granny Smith fruit the same size as hand thinning.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Treatment
- carbaryl (1-naphtyl-N-methylcarbamate) spraye0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- samee0
- Qualifier
- 18 days after bloome0
- Comparator
- hand-thinned controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A carbaryl (1-naphtyl-N-methylcarbamate) spray on Granny Smith 18 days after bloom resulted in the same fruit size but an increase in gross income of 40% when compared with the hand-thinned control”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl increased Granny Smith gross income by 40% against hand thinning.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Treatment
- carbaryl (1-naphtyl-N-methylcarbamate) spraye0
- Outcome
- gross incomee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- hand-thinned controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A carbaryl (1-naphtyl-N-methylcarbamate) spray on Granny Smith 18 days after bloom resulted in the same fruit size but an increase in gross income of 40% when compared with the hand-thinned control”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon-treated Granny Smith trees did not produce fruit of acceptable size.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit of an acceptable sizee0
- Direction
- did not producee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees sprayed with ethephon and NAA did not produce fruit of an acceptable size”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA-treated Granny Smith trees did not produce fruit of acceptable size.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit of an acceptable sizee0
- Direction
- did not producee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees sprayed with ethephon and NAA did not produce fruit of an acceptable size”
t0“apples”
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See all 141 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.