Paper · 1993 · HortScience

Controlling Growth of Bearing Apple Trees with Ethephon

Ross E. Byers

10
claims
18
verbatim quotes
30
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Ethephon applied 12 to 26 days after full bloom at 1000 to 1500 mg·liter -1 not only substantially inhibited apple (Malus domestia Borkh., spur `Delicious' strains) tree growth but also caused fruit abscission. Gibberellin plus ethephon did not prevent fruit abscission when ethephon was used at these rates. Several low weekly doses of ethephon controlled tree growth without causing fruit abscission. Ethephon increased fruit soluble solids concentration and substantially reduced fruit starch in the application year. Ethephon greatly increased flowering and fruit set the following season. Fruit length: diameter ratio was not altered by the previous seasons' low weekly doses of ethephon. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High-rate ethephon substantially inhibited apple tree growth.

Material
spur `Delicious' strainse0
Treatment
Ethephon applied 12 to 26 days after full bloom at 1000 to 1500 mg·liter -1e0
Outcome
tree growthe0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon applied 12 to 26 days after full bloom at 1000 to 1500 mg·liter -1 not only substantially inhibited apple (Malus domestia Borkh., spur `Delicious' strains) tree growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–176 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High-rate ethephon caused apple fruit abscission.

Treatment
Ethephon applied 12 to 26 days after full bloom at 1000 to 1500 mg·liter -1e0
Outcome
fruit abscissione0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon applied 12 to 26 days after full bloom at 1000 to 1500 mg·liter -1 not only substantially inhibited apple (Malus domestia Borkh., spur `Delicious' strains) tree growth but also caused fruit abscission”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–209 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gibberellin plus high-rate ethephon did not prevent fruit abscission.

Treatment
Gibberellin plus ethephone0
Outcome
fruit abscissione0
Direction
did not prevente0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Gibberellin plus ethephon did not prevent fruit abscission when ethephon was used at these rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–307 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low weekly ethephon doses controlled apple tree growth.

Treatment
Several low weekly doses of ethephone0
Outcome
tree growthe0
Direction
controllede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Several low weekly doses of ethephon controlled tree growth without causing fruit abscission”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–401 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low weekly ethephon doses did not cause fruit abscission.

Treatment
Several low weekly doses of ethephone0
Outcome
fruit abscissione0
Direction
without causinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Several low weekly doses of ethephon controlled tree growth without causing fruit abscission”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–401 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethephon increased fruit soluble solids concentration in the application year.

Treatment
Ethephone0
Outcome
fruit soluble solids concentratione0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
in the application yeare0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon increased fruit soluble solids concentration and substantially reduced fruit starch in the application year”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–519 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethephon reduced fruit starch in the application year.

Treatment
Ethephone0
Outcome
fruit starche0
Direction
reducede0
Qualifier
in the application yeare0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon increased fruit soluble solids concentration and substantially reduced fruit starch in the application year”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–519 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethephon greatly increased flowering the following season.

Treatment
Ethephone0
Outcome
floweringe0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
the following seasone0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon greatly increased flowering and fruit set the following season”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 521–592 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethephon greatly increased fruit set the following season.

Treatment
Ethephone0
Outcome
fruit sete0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
the following seasone0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethephon greatly increased flowering and fruit set the following season”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 521–592 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Previous low weekly ethephon doses did not alter fruit length to diameter ratio.

Treatment
previous seasons' low weekly doses of ethephone0
Outcome
Fruit length: diameter ratioe0
Direction
not alterede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fruit length: diameter ratio was not altered by the previous seasons' low weekly doses of ethephon”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–692 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–35 · show in text ↑

(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

30 papers: 20 positive, 10 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

73 papers: 44 positive, 29 negative or no effect

43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. positive

69 papers more in this group

See all 73 papers →

(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · phenology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 8 positive, 1 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 11 positive, 2 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

climate site · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

11 papers: 4 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

class · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

21 papers: 14 positive, 7 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.