Abstract
SUMMARY Four paints containing mercuric oxide, octhilinone, thiophanate‐methyl or triad‐imefon and five gel formulations (carbendazim/triadimefon in sodium alginate or xanthan gum, carbendazim/triadimefon/hypophosphorous acid and thiophanate‐methyl/oxycarboxin in xanthan or PP969/alginate) were tested on natural cankers caused by Nectria galligena on apple trees. Scraping cankers decreased their size 7–9 months later due to stimulation of callus formation, even where no fungicide was applied, and decreased perithecial, but not conidial production. Only the paints were applied to scraped cankers and that containing mercuric oxide was the most effective in decreasing canker size and restricting new canker growth. All formulations except the octhilinone paint were applied to unscraped cankers. Only mercuric oxide paint and acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gel stimulated callus formation and only the former caused a decrease in canker size. Every treatment, except triadimefon paint and PP969/alginate, reduced conidial production. Bioassay with TV. galligena showed that the carbendazim and thiophanate‐methyl gels achieved some movement of fungitoxicant into plant tissue.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Scraping reduced canker size after seven to nine months by stimulating callus.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- Scraping cankerse0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligena
Neonectria galligenae1pathogen - Outcome
- cankers decreased their sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 7–9 months latere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cankers”
e0“Scraping cankers decreased their size 7–9 months later due to stimulation of callus formation, even where no fungicide was applied”
e1“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Scraping decreased perithecial production.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Scraping cankerse0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- peritheciale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scraping cankers decreased their size 7–9 months later due to stimulation of callus formation, even where no fungicide was applied, and decreased perithecial, but not conidial production”
e1“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Scraping did not decrease conidial production.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Scraping cankerse1
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial productione0
- Direction
- but note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased perithecial, but not conidial production”
e1“Scraping cankers”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
On scraped cankers, mercuric oxide paint was most effective at reducing canker size.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- mercuric oxidee0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- canker sizee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- the paintse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that containing mercuric oxide was the most effective in decreasing canker size”
e1“Only the paints were applied to scraped cankers”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
On scraped cankers, mercuric oxide paint was most effective at restricting new growth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- mercuric oxidee0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- new canker growthe0
- Direction
- restrictinge0
- Comparator
- the paintse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that containing mercuric oxide was the most effective in decreasing canker size and restricting new canker growth”
e1“Only the paints were applied to scraped cankers”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Mercuric oxide paint stimulated callus on unscraped cankers.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- mercuric oxide painte0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- unscraped cankerse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only mercuric oxide paint and acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gel stimulated callus formation”
e1“unscraped cankers”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gel stimulated callus on unscraped cankers.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gele0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- unscraped cankerse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gel stimulated callus formation”
e1“unscraped cankers”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Mercuric oxide paint reduced canker size on unscraped cankers.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- mercuric oxide painte1
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
- Outcome
- canker sizee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the former caused a decrease in canker size”
e1“Only mercuric oxide paint and acidic carbendazim/triadimefon/xanthan gel stimulated callus formation”
e2“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments other than triadimefon paint and PP969/alginate reduced conidial production.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Every treatment, except triadimefon paint and PP969/alginatee0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Every treatment, except triadimefon paint and PP969/alginate, reduced conidial production”
e1“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gel moved some fungitoxicant into plant tissue.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- carbendazime0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- movement of fungitoxicant into plant tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the carbendazim and thiophanate‐methyl gels achieved some movement of fungitoxicant into plant tissue”
e1“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiophanate-methyl gel moved some fungitoxicant into plant tissue.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- thiophanate‐methyle0
- Interactor
- Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- movement of fungitoxicant into plant tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the carbendazim and thiophanate‐methyl gels achieved some movement of fungitoxicant into plant tissue”
e1“Nectria galligena on apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
Mercuric oxide · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbendazim · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.